Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan; Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Symbiotic Systems Science and Technology, Fukushima University, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Aug 1;306:119359. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119359. Epub 2022 Apr 26.
Genetic effects and radioactive contamination of large mammals, including wild boar (Sus scrofa), have been studied in Japan because of dispersal of radionuclides from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011. Such studies have generally demonstrated a declining trend in measured radiocesium body burdens in wildlife. Estimating radiation exposure to wildlife is important to understand possible long-term impacts. Here, radiation exposure was evaluated in 307 wild boar inhabiting radioactively contaminated areas (50-8000 kBq m) in Fukushima Prefecture from 2016 to 2019, and genetic markers were examined to assess possible germline mutations caused by chronic radiation exposures to several generations of wild boar. Internal Cs activity concentrations in boar remained high in areas near the power plant with the highest concentration of 54 kBq kg measured in 2019. Total dose rates to wild boar ranged from 0.02 to 36 μGy h, which was primarily attributed to external radiation exposure, and dose rates to the maximally exposed animals were above the generic no-effects benchmark of 10 μGy h. Using the estimated age of each animal, lifetime radiation doses ranged from <0.1 mGy to 700 mGy. Despite chronic exposures, the genetic analyses showed no significant accumulation of mutation events. Because wild boar is an occasional human dietary item in Japan, effective dose to humans from ingesting contaminated wild boar meat was calculated. Hypothetical consumption of contaminated wild boar meat from radioactively contaminated areas in Fukushima, at the per capita pork consumption rate (12.9 kg y), would result in an average effective annual dose of 0.9 mSv y, which is below the annual ingestion limit of 1 mSv y. Additionally, a consumption rate of about 1.4 kg y of the most contaminated meat in this study would not exceed annual ingestion limits.
由于 2011 年福岛第一核电站的放射性核素扩散，日本一直在研究包括野猪（Sus scrofa）在内的大型哺乳动物的遗传效应和放射性污染。这些研究通常表明，野生动物体内放射性铯的测量体负荷呈下降趋势。估计野生动物的辐射暴露对于了解可能的长期影响很重要。在这里，评估了 2016 年至 2019 年间在福岛县受放射性污染地区（50-8000 kBq m）栖息的 307 头野猪的辐射暴露情况，并检查了遗传标记，以评估几代野猪慢性辐射暴露可能导致的种系突变。在靠近核电站的地区，野猪体内的 Cs 活性浓度仍然很高，2019 年测量的最高浓度为 54 kBq kg。野猪的总剂量率范围为 0.02 至 36 μGy h，主要归因于外照射，最大受照动物的剂量率高于 10 μGy h 的通用无影响基准。根据每只动物的估计年龄，终生辐射剂量范围从<0.1 mGy 到 700 mGy。尽管存在慢性暴露，但遗传分析显示没有明显的突变事件积累。由于野猪在日本偶尔被人类作为食物，因此计算了食用受污染野猪肉对人类的有效剂量。假设按照人均猪肉消费量（12.9 kg y）食用福岛受放射性污染地区的受污染野猪肉，平均有效年剂量为 0.9 mSv y，低于 1 mSv y 的年摄入限值。此外，本研究中最受污染的肉类的消费量约为 1.4 kg y，不会超过年摄入限值。
