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60 岁“高龄”的武器铯的过度贡献解释了巴伐利亚野猪放射性污染持续存在的原因。

Disproportionately High Contributions of 60 Year Old Weapons-Cs Explain the Persistence of Radioactive Contamination in Bavarian Wild Boars.

机构信息

Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany.

Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany.

出版信息

Environ Sci Technol. 2023 Sep 12;57(36):13601-13611. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03565. Epub 2023 Aug 30.

Abstract

Radionuclides released from nuclear accidents or explosions pose long-term threats to ecosystem health. A prominent example is wild boar contamination in central Europe, which is notorious for its persistently high Cs levels. However, without reliable source identification, the origin of this decades old problem has been uncertain. Here, we target radiocesium contamination in wild boars from Bavaria. Our samples (2019-2021) range from 370 to 15,000 Bq·kg Cs, thus exceeding the regulatory limits (600 Bq·kg) by a factor of up to 25. Using an emerging nuclear forensic fingerprint, Cs/Cs, we distinguished various radiocesium source legacies in their source composition. All samples exhibit signatures of mixing of Chornobyl and nuclear weapons fallout, with Cs/Cs ratios ranging from 0.67 to 1.97. Although Chornobyl has been widely believed to be the prime source of Cs in wild boars, we find that "old" Cs from weapons fallout significantly contributes to the total level (10-68%) in those specimens that exceeded the regulatory limit. In some cases, weapons-Cs alone can lead to exceedances of the regulatory limit, especially in samples with a relatively low total Cs level. Our findings demonstrate that the superposition of older and newer legacies of Cs can vastly surpass the impact of any singular yet dominant source and thus highlight the critical role of historical releases of Cs in current environmental pollution challenges.

摘要

核事故或爆炸释放的放射性核素对生态系统健康构成长期威胁。一个突出的例子是中欧野猪受到污染,其放射性铯水平一直居高不下。然而,由于缺乏可靠的源识别,这个存在了几十年的问题的起源一直不确定。在这里,我们针对巴伐利亚野猪的放射性铯污染进行了研究。我们的样本(2019-2021 年)的放射性铯活度范围为 370 到 15000 Bq·kg,因此超过了监管限值(600 Bq·kg)多达 25 倍。利用新兴的核法医指纹图谱 Cs/Cs,我们区分了它们在源组成中的各种放射性铯源的遗留物。所有样本都显示出切尔诺贝利和核武器沉降物混合的特征,Cs/Cs 比值范围在 0.67 到 1.97 之间。尽管切尔诺贝利被广泛认为是野猪中 Cs 的主要来源,但我们发现来自核武器沉降物的“旧”Cs 对超过监管限值的样本的总水平(10-68%)有显著贡献。在某些情况下,仅核武器-Cs 就会导致超过监管限值,尤其是在总 Cs 水平相对较低的样本中。我们的研究结果表明,旧和新的 Cs 遗留物的叠加可以大大超过任何单一但占主导地位的源的影响,因此突显了 Cs 的历史释放对当前环境污染挑战的关键作用。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ca27/10501199/7895fc192e24/es3c03565_0002.jpg

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