中国内镜超声（EUS）操作人员的培训与认证
Training and certification of EUS operators in China.
作者信息
Hou Xun, Liang Jinyu, Konge Lars, Hu Wenjie
机构信息
Clinical Competence Training Center; Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
出版信息
Endosc Ultrasound. 2022 Mar-Apr;11(2):133-140. doi: 10.4103/EUS-D-21-00128.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
EUS has become a very frequently used procedure for both diagnostic and therapeutic indications. However, skilled operators are essential for improved outcomes and patient safety which make efficient training and certification programs essential. Our aim was to explore the acquisition and assessment of EUS competencies in China as practiced in the past, today, and in the future.
METHODS
We identified key opinion leaders (KOLs) from hospitals in different cities in China. Each KOL answered 43 questions regarding demographics and EUS experience, their learning experience as a trainee, experience as a supervisor, and their thoughts about current and future training. Descriptive statistics were used for reporting the results.
RESULTS
Eleven men and five females from eight major Chinese cities (Beijing, Changsha, Chengdu, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Wuhan) were included. They offered a good variance regarding age (33-53 years old), EUS experience (½-20 years), and performed procedures (20-6000 procedures). Most (n = 13) learned EUS through apprenticeship training model but three were self-taught. The KOLs also used the apprenticeship model to train their own trainees. First, they demonstrated EUS for median 2 months before their trainees took over the scope and performed a median 50 supervised procedures during a median of 3 months. Then they were allowed to perform EUS procedures independently. Simulation-based training and standardized assessment of competence were used very sparingly, but most of the KOLs wanted to shift towards these contemporary methods in the future.
CONCLUSIONS
The classical apprenticeship training is still used to learn EUS in China and the amount of training required before being allowed to practice independently varies considerably. Several of the KOLs requested improved conditions for training and wanted a standardized curriculum leading to certification of new EUS operators based on a valid assessment of competence.
背景与目的
超声内镜检查术（EUS）已成为一种常用于诊断和治疗的操作。然而，熟练的操作人员对于改善治疗效果和患者安全至关重要，这使得高效的培训和认证项目必不可少。我们的目的是探讨中国过去、现在和未来超声内镜检查术（EUS）技能的掌握与评估情况。
方法
我们从中国不同城市的医院中确定了关键意见领袖（KOLs）。每位关键意见领袖回答了43个关于人口统计学和超声内镜检查术（EUS）经验、其作为受训人员的学习经历、作为带教老师的经验以及他们对当前和未来培训的看法的问题。描述性统计用于报告结果。
结果
纳入了来自中国八个主要城市（北京、长沙、成都、重庆、广州、上海、深圳和武汉）的11名男性和5名女性。他们在年龄（33 - 53岁）、超声内镜检查术（EUS）经验（半年至20年）和操作次数（20 - 6000次）方面差异较大。大多数人（n = 13）通过师徒培训模式学习超声内镜检查术（EUS），但有三人是自学的。关键意见领袖（KOLs）也使用师徒模式培训自己的学员。首先，他们示范超声内镜检查术（EUS）平均2个月，然后学员接手仪器，在平均三个月的时间里在带教老师监督下平均操作50次。之后他们才被允许独立进行超声内镜检查术（EUS）操作。基于模拟的培训和能力的标准化评估很少使用，但大多数关键意见领袖（KOLs）希望未来转向这些现代方法。
结论
在中国，经典的师徒培训模式仍被用于学习超声内镜检查术（EUS），在被允许独立操作之前所需的培训量差异很大。几位关键意见领袖（KOLs）要求改善培训条件，并希望有一个标准化的课程，以便在对能力进行有效评估的基础上对新的超声内镜检查术（EUS）操作人员进行认证。
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