Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Frailty in Aging (FRIA) Research Group, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Gerontology, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
Exp Gerontol. 2022 Jul;164:111822. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111822. Epub 2022 Apr 29.
Resistance exercise is beneficial for the immune system, including decreased susceptibility to infections and improved effectiveness of vaccinations. This review aims to provide a systematic analysis of the literature regarding the impact of resistance exercise on immune cells in the blood circulation.
The protocol of this review followed the PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020157834). PubMed and Web-of-Science were systematically searched for relevant articles. Outcomes were divided into two categories: 1) inflammatory gene expression or secretion of inflammation-related cytokines and 2) other aspects such as cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis, phagocytosis, and redox status.
Thirty intervention studies were included in this review, of which 11 articles were randomized controlled trials and six non-randomized controlled trials. Although only resistance exercise interventions were included, there was a high heterogeneity regarding specific exercise modalities. The most frequently studied outcome measures were the gene and protein expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). This review reveals that already one acute exercise bout activates the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway in PBMC. Although resistance exercise induces an acute cytosolic oxidative stress response, the antioxidant enzyme expression is improved after resistance training period. Natural killer cell activity increases in older but decreases in younger adults immediately after a resistance exercise bout. Moreover, resistance exercise improves neutrophil phagocytic activity. Finally, effects on lymphocyte proliferation remain unclear.
The results of this systematic review demonstrate that resistance exercise has beneficial effects on several aspects of immune cell function both in young and older individuals. Acute changes in immune cell function occur already after a single bout of resistance exercise. However, regular resistance training during several weeks seems necessary to obtain beneficial adaptations that can be related to better immunity and reduced inflammation. The effects documented in this review confirm the beneficial effects of resistance exercise in young as well as older persons on the immune cell function.
抗阻运动有益于免疫系统，包括降低感染易感性和提高疫苗效力。本综述旨在系统分析抗阻运动对血液循环中免疫细胞的影响。
本综述的方案遵循 PRISMA 指南，并在 PROSPERO（ID：CRD42020157834）中注册。系统检索了 PubMed 和 Web-of-Science 中的相关文章。结果分为两类：1）炎症基因表达或炎症相关细胞因子分泌；2）细胞迁移、增殖、凋亡、吞噬和氧化还原状态等其他方面。
本综述纳入了 30 项干预研究，其中 11 项为随机对照试验，6 项为非随机对照试验。虽然只纳入了抗阻运动干预，但具体运动方式的异质性很高。最常研究的结局指标是外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）中的基因和蛋白表达水平。本综述揭示，单次急性运动即可激活 PBMC 中的核因子 kappa-轻链增强子的 B 细胞（NF-κB）信号通路。虽然抗阻运动诱导急性细胞溶质氧化应激反应，但抗阻训练后抗氧化酶表达得到改善。老年人群在抗阻运动后即刻自然杀伤细胞活性增加，而年轻人群则减少。此外，抗阻运动可提高中性粒细胞吞噬活性。最后，淋巴细胞增殖的影响尚不清楚。
本系统综述的结果表明，抗阻运动对年轻和老年个体的免疫细胞功能的多个方面均具有有益作用。单次抗阻运动后，免疫细胞功能即发生急性变化。然而，需要数周的定期抗阻训练才能获得有益的适应性改变，这些改变可能与更好的免疫和减少炎症有关。本综述中记录的效果证实了抗阻运动对年轻和老年人群的免疫细胞功能具有有益作用。
