University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 2022 May;106(3):527-536. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.01.001. Epub 2022 Apr 4.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated disease is known for its protean manifestations. However, many of the characteristic findings on physical examination are not associated with HIV infection per se but the numerous opportunistic infections (OIs) that are common in patients with advanced HIV disease. Common findings of acute HIV infection include fever, adenopathy, rash, and oral ulcers. Chronic HIV infection is associated with skin, rheumatologic, and neurologic manifestations. OIs also cause skin, oropharyngeal, ocular, and neurologic manifestations. A skilled clinician can often recognize HIV disease based on the combination of these findings.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）相关疾病以其多变的表现而闻名。然而，许多体格检查的特征性发现本身并不与 HIV 感染相关，而是与晚期 HIV 疾病患者中常见的多种机会性感染（OI）相关。急性 HIV 感染的常见表现包括发热、淋巴结病、皮疹和口腔溃疡。慢性 HIV 感染与皮肤、风湿和神经表现相关。OI 也会导致皮肤、口咽、眼部和神经表现。熟练的临床医生通常可以根据这些发现的组合来识别 HIV 疾病。
