Malik M Shaheer, Alsantali Reem I, Jassas Rabab S, Alsimaree Abdulrahman A, Syed Riyaz, Alsharif Meshari A, Kalpana Kulkarni, Morad Moataz, Althagafi Ismail I, Ahmed Saleh A
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University P. O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia.
RSC Adv. 2021 Nov 5;11(57):35806-35827. doi: 10.1039/d1ra05686g. eCollection 2021 Nov 4.
Anthraquinones are privileged chemical scaffolds that have been used for centuries in various therapeutic applications. The anthraquinone moiety forms the core of various anticancer agents. However, the emergence of drug-resistant cancers warrants the development of new anticancer agents. The research endeavours towards new anthraquinone-based compounds are increasing rapidly in recent years. They are used as a core chemical template to achieve structural modifications, resulting in the development of new anthraquinone-based compounds as promising anticancer agents. Mechanistically, most of the anthraquinone-based compounds inhibit cancer progression by targeting essential cellular proteins. Herein, we review new anthraquinone analogues that have been developed in recent years as anticancer agents. This includes a systematic review of the recent literature (2005-2021) on anthraquinone-based compounds in cell-based models and key target proteins such as kinases, topoisomerases, telomerases, matrix metalloproteinases and G-quadruplexes involved in the viability of cancer cells. In addition to this, the developments in PEG-based delivery of anthraquinones and the toxicity aspects of anthraquinone derivatives are also discussed. The review dispenses a compact background knowledge to understanding anthraquinones for future research on the expansion of anticancer therapeutics.
蒽醌是一类具有特殊地位的化学骨架，几个世纪以来一直被用于各种治疗应用。蒽醌部分构成了各种抗癌药物的核心。然而，耐药性癌症的出现促使人们开发新的抗癌药物。近年来，针对新型蒽醌类化合物的研究工作迅速增加。它们被用作核心化学模板以实现结构修饰，从而开发出有望成为抗癌药物的新型蒽醌类化合物。从机制上讲，大多数蒽醌类化合物通过靶向关键细胞蛋白来抑制癌症进展。在此，我们综述了近年来作为抗癌药物开发的新型蒽醌类似物。这包括对2005年至2021年期间关于蒽醌类化合物在细胞模型中的最新文献以及参与癌细胞存活的关键靶蛋白（如激酶、拓扑异构酶、端粒酶、基质金属蛋白酶和G-四链体）的系统综述。除此之外，还讨论了基于聚乙二醇的蒽醌递送的进展以及蒽醌衍生物的毒性方面。该综述提供了一个紧凑的背景知识，有助于理解蒽醌类化合物，为未来抗癌治疗的扩展研究提供参考。
