Khayamian Mohammad Ali, Parizi Mohammad Salemizadeh, Ghaderinia Mohammadreza, Abadijoo Hamed, Vanaei Shohreh, Simaee Hossein, Abdolhosseini Saeed, Shalileh Shahriar, Faramarzpour Mahsa, Naeini Vahid Fadaei, Hoseinpour Parisa, Shojaeian Fatemeh, Abbasvandi Fereshteh, Abdolahad Mohammad
Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nano Electronics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
RSC Adv. 2021 Oct 25;11(55):34503-34515. doi: 10.1039/d1ra04298j.
Concurrent with the pandemic announcement of SARS-CoV-2 infection by the WHO, a variety of reports were published confirming the cytokine storm as the most mortal effect of the virus on the infected patients. Hence, cytokine storm as an evidenced consequence in most of the COVID-19 patients could offer a promising opportunity to use blood as a disease progression marker. Here, we have developed a rapid electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) sensor for quantifying the overall immune activity of the patients. Since during the cytokine storm many types of cytokines are elevated in the blood, there is no need for specific detection of a single type of cytokine and the collective behavior is just measured without any electrode functionalization. The sensor includes a monolayer graphene on a copper substrate as the working electrode (WE) which is able to distinguish between the early and severe stage of the infected patients. The charge transfer resistance ( ) in the moderate and severe cases varies about 65% and 138% compared to the normal groups, respectively and a specificity of 77% and sensitivity of 100% based on ELISA results were achieved. The outcomes demonstrate a significant correlation between the total mass of the three main hypercytokinemia associated cytokines including IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ in patients and the values. As an extra application, the biosensor's capability for diagnosis of COVID-19 patients was tested and a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 50% were obtained compared to the RT-PCR results.
在世界卫生组织宣布新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的同时，各种报告纷纷发表，证实细胞因子风暴是该病毒对感染患者最致命的影响。因此，细胞因子风暴作为大多数新冠肺炎患者的一个已证实的后果，可能为将血液用作疾病进展标志物提供一个有前景的机会。在此，我们开发了一种快速电化学阻抗谱（EIS）传感器，用于量化患者的整体免疫活性。由于在细胞因子风暴期间血液中多种细胞因子水平升高，无需特异性检测单一类型的细胞因子，只需测量其集体行为，无需对任何电极进行功能化处理。该传感器包括铜基底上的单层石墨烯作为工作电极（WE），能够区分感染患者的早期和重症阶段。与正常组相比，中度和重度病例中的电荷转移电阻（ ）分别变化约65%和138%，基于酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）结果，特异性为77%，灵敏度为100%。结果表明，患者体内与高细胞因子血症相关的三种主要细胞因子（包括白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α和干扰素-γ）的总质量与 值之间存在显著相关性。作为一项额外应用，测试了该生物传感器诊断新冠肺炎患者的能力，与逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）结果相比，灵敏度为92%，特异性为50%。
