Montagnese Sara, Zarantonello Lisa, Formentin Chiara, Giusti Gianluca, Mangini Chiara, Isherwood Cheryl M, Ferrari Paolo, Paoli Antonio, Mapelli Daniela, Rizzuto Rosario, Toppo Stefano, Skene Debra J, Vettor Roberto, Costa Rodolfo
Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
Chronobiology Section, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
Front Neurosci. 2022 Apr 14;16:848602. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.848602. eCollection 2022.
The aims of the present study were to obtain sleep quality and sleep timing information in a group of university students and to evaluate the effects of a circadian hygiene education initiative. All students of the University of Padova (approximately 64,000) were contacted by e-mail (major campaigns in October 2019 and October 2020) and directed to an website for collection of demographics and sleep quality/timing information. Participants ( = 5,740) received one of two sets of circadian hygiene advice ("A regular life" or "Bright days and dark nights"). Every month, they were then asked how easy it had been to comply and provided with the advice again. At any even month from joining, they completed the sleep quality/timing questionnaires again. Information on academic performance was obtained , together with representative samples of lecture ( = 5,972) and examination ( = 1,800) timings, plus lecture attendances ( = 25,302). Fifty-two percent of students had poor sleep quality, and 82% showed signs of social jetlag. Those who joined in October 2020, after several months of lockdown and distance learning, had better sleep quality, less social jetlag, and later sleep habits. Over approximately a year, the "Bright days and dark nights" advice resulted in significantly earlier get-up times compared with the "A regular life" advice. Similarly, it also resulted in a trend toward earlier midsleep (i.e., the midpoint, expressed as clock time, between sleep onset and sleep offset) and toward a decrease in the latency between wake-up and get-up time, with no impact on sleep duration. Significant changes in most sleep quality and sleep timing variables (i.e., fewer night awakenings, less social jetlag, and delayed sleep timing during lock-down) were observed in both advice groups over approximately a year, mostly in association with pandemic-related events characterizing 2020. Early chronotype students had better academic performances compared with their later chronotype counterparts. In a multivariate model, sleep quality, chronotype and study subject (science and technology, health and medical, or social and humanities) were independent predictors of academic performance. Taken together, these results underlie the importance of designing circadian-friendly university timetables.
本研究的目的是获取一组大学生的睡眠质量和睡眠时间信息，并评估一项昼夜节律卫生教育倡议的效果。帕多瓦大学的所有学生（约64000人）都收到了电子邮件（2019年10月和2020年10月的主要活动），并被引导至一个网站，以收集人口统计学和睡眠质量/时间信息。参与者（n = 5740）收到了两组昼夜节律卫生建议中的一组（“规律生活”或“白天明亮，夜晚黑暗”）。此后，每月询问他们遵守建议的难易程度，并再次提供建议。从加入研究开始的任何偶数月，他们再次完成睡眠质量/时间问卷。获取了学业成绩信息，以及讲座时间（n = 5972）和考试时间（n = 1800）的代表性样本，以及讲座出勤率（n = 25302）。52%的学生睡眠质量差，82%表现出社会时差的迹象。在经历了几个月的封锁和远程学习后，于2020年10月加入的学生睡眠质量更好，社会时差更小，睡眠习惯更晚。在大约一年的时间里，与“规律生活”建议相比，“白天明亮，夜晚黑暗”建议导致起床时间显著提前。同样，它还导致了入睡时间提前的趋势（即，以时钟时间表示的睡眠开始和睡眠结束之间的中点），以及起床和起床之间的延迟时间减少，对睡眠时间没有影响。在大约一年的时间里，两个建议组在大多数睡眠质量和睡眠时间变量上都有显著变化（即夜间醒来次数减少、社会时差减小以及封锁期间睡眠时间延迟），这些变化大多与2020年的疫情相关事件有关。早起型学生比晚睡型学生的学业成绩更好。在一个多变量模型中，睡眠质量、昼夜节律类型和学科（科学与技术、健康与医学或社会与人文）是学业成绩的独立预测因素。综上所述，这些结果强调了设计符合昼夜节律的大学时间表的重要性。
