Raman Sudha, Coogan Andrew N
Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, County Kildare, Ireland;
Clocks Sleep. 2019 Dec 18;2(1):1-6. doi: 10.3390/clockssleep2010001. eCollection 2020 Mar.
Social jetlag, a mismatch between internal biological time and social schedules, and a later timing of the midpoint of sleep on work-free days as an indicator of the circadian phase of entrainment (late chronotype), may be factors associated with poor quality sleep. This study examined the association of social jetlag and chronotype with subjective sleep quality ratings in a healthy young adult cohort and interrogated the moderating effects of sex and age on these associations. A total of 1322 participants aged 18 to 40 completed the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Later timing of midsleep on "free" days (an indicator of chronotype) had a small-to-medium association with poorer subjective sleep quality, independently of sex and age (rho = 0.212, < 0.001). Greater social jetlag had a small association with poorer subjective sleep quality ratings (rho = 0.077), and this effect was moderated by sex with there being a relationship between social jetlag and sleep quality only in males. Social jetlag did not mediate the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality. These results indicate differential relationships of the chronotype and social jetlag with subjective sleep quality and indicate that sex is a moderating factor for sleep quality's relationship with social jetlag, but not for the association between sleep quality and chronotype.
社会时差，即内部生物钟时间与社会日程安排之间的不匹配，以及在休息日睡眠中点时间较晚作为昼夜节律同步阶段（晚睡型）的指标，可能是与睡眠质量差相关的因素。本研究调查了健康年轻成人队列中社会时差和昼夜节律类型与主观睡眠质量评分之间的关联，并探讨了性别和年龄对这些关联的调节作用。共有1322名年龄在18至40岁之间的参与者完成了匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）和慕尼黑昼夜节律类型问卷。在“自由”日中睡眠中点时间较晚（昼夜节律类型的指标）与较差的主观睡眠质量存在小到中等程度的关联，且不受性别和年龄影响（rho = 0.212，<0.001）。更大的社会时差与较差的主观睡眠质量评分存在较小关联（rho = 0.077），且这种效应受性别调节，仅在男性中社会时差与睡眠质量之间存在关系。社会时差并未介导昼夜节律类型与睡眠质量之间的关系。这些结果表明昼夜节律类型和社会时差与主观睡眠质量的关系存在差异，并表明性别是睡眠质量与社会时差关系的调节因素，但不是睡眠质量与昼夜节律类型关联的调节因素。
