Al-Ataby Israa A, Talib Wamidh H
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
Front Nutr. 2022 Apr 13;9:829101. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.829101. eCollection 2022.
The Mediterranean diet includes the consumption of various fruits and vegetables. Lemon and ginger are highly popular in Mediterranean cuisine. The current study aims to evaluate both anticancer and immunomodulatory activities of lemon and ginger combination. The antiproliferative activities of the combination were tested against different cancer cell lines using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The degree of apoptosis induction and vascular endothelial growth factor expression were detected using ELISA. Balb/C mice were inoculated with the EMT6/P breast cancer cells and received combination water extract orally for 14 days. The effect of the water extract on splenocytes proliferation was measured using the mitogen proliferation assay. Macrophage function was evaluated using the nitro blue tetrazolium assay and pinocytosis was assessed using the neutral red method. Gas chromatography coupled to the tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the composition of the combination. The lemon and ginger combination showed significant apoptosis induction and angiogenesis suppression effects. Fifty percent of the mice taking this combination did not develop tumors with a percentage of tumor reduction of 32.8%. This combination showed a potent effect in stimulating pinocytosis. Alpha-pinene and α-terpineol were detected in high percentages in the combination water extract. The lemon and ginger combination represents promising options to develop anticancer infusions for augmenting conventional anticancer therapies. Further testing is required to understand the exact molecular mechanisms of this combination.
地中海饮食包括食用各种水果和蔬菜。柠檬和生姜在地中海美食中非常受欢迎。当前的研究旨在评估柠檬和生姜组合的抗癌和免疫调节活性。使用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐法检测该组合对不同癌细胞系的抗增殖活性。使用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测凋亡诱导程度和血管内皮生长因子表达。将EMT6/P乳腺癌细胞接种到Balb/C小鼠体内，并口服给予组合水提取物14天。使用丝裂原增殖测定法测量水提取物对脾细胞增殖的影响。使用硝基蓝四唑测定法评估巨噬细胞功能，并使用中性红法评估胞饮作用。采用气相色谱-串联质谱法测定该组合的成分。柠檬和生姜组合显示出显著的凋亡诱导和血管生成抑制作用。服用该组合的小鼠中有50%未发生肿瘤，肿瘤减少百分比为32.8%。该组合在刺激胞饮作用方面显示出强效作用。在组合水提取物中检测到高比例的α-蒎烯和α-松油醇。柠檬和生姜组合是开发抗癌输液以增强传统抗癌疗法的有前景的选择。需要进一步测试以了解该组合的确切分子机制。
