Al Obaydi Maha Farid, Hamed Wafaa M, Al Kury Lina T, Talib Wamidh H
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
Pharmacy Department, AlNoor University College, Mosul, Iraq.
Front Nutr. 2020 Apr 8;7:38. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00038. eCollection 2020.
Desert truffles have high nutritional value and grow wild in the Mediterranean basin and Western Asia. Although, many studies were performed to evaluate truffles nutritious values and phytochemical composition, studies are limited to evaluate their anticancer and/ or immunomodulatory effects. Our study was conducted to evaluate the anticancer and immunomodulatory effects of (desert truffle). Different solvent extracts were prepared from the truffle and MTT assay was used to measure their anticancer activity against cancer cell lines (T47D, MCF-7, MDA-MB231, HCT-116, and Hela). Total phenolic content in each extract was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and qualitative phytochemical screening was performed using standard methods. The degree of apoptosis induction (using caspase 3 assay) and vascular endothelial growth factor expression were detected using standard kits. Also, ELISA was used to measure levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 secreted by splenocytes after treatment with the extracts. The effect of the extracts on splenocytes proliferation was measured using MTT assay. Macrophage function was evaluated using nitro blue tetrazolium assay and pinocytosis function was evaluated using neutral red method. Terpenoids, phytosterols, and carbohydrates were present in all the solvent extracts, while tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids were detected only in aqueous/methanol and aqueous extracts. The highest total phenolic content was observed in aqueous and aqueous methanol extracts. The growth of cancer cell lines was inhibited by extracts in a dose dependent manner. N-hexane extract was the most potent against most cell lines. Aqueous/methanol extract showed high apoptosis induction and angiogenesis suppression effects. An increase in TH1 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2) level and a decrease in TH2 cytokine (IL-4) level were evident after lymphocytes stimulation by aqueous/methanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of . Ethyl acetate extract of were the most potent extracts to stimulate lymphocytes proliferation while all other extracts showed moderate stimulation. Aqueous/methanol extract was the most active extract to stimulate phagocytosis. Ethyl acetate extract was the most active extract to stimulate pinocytosis. The use of provides variable health benefits. N-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous/methanol extracts exhibited anticancer activities and are potent stimulators of innate and acquired immunity. Further testing is needed to identify the biologically active compounds and detect them quantitatively using GC-MS analysis.
沙漠松露具有很高的营养价值，生长于地中海盆地和西亚的野外。尽管已经开展了许多研究来评估松露的营养价值和植物化学成分，但评估其抗癌和/或免疫调节作用的研究却很有限。我们开展这项研究是为了评估（沙漠松露）的抗癌和免疫调节作用。从松露中制备了不同的溶剂提取物，并采用MTT法测定它们对癌细胞系（T47D、MCF-7、MDA-MB231、HCT-116和Hela）的抗癌活性。使用福林-西奥尔特试剂测定每种提取物中的总酚含量，并采用标准方法进行定性植物化学筛选。使用标准试剂盒检测凋亡诱导程度（采用半胱天冬酶3测定法）和血管内皮生长因子表达。此外，采用ELISA法测定提取物处理后脾细胞分泌的IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-10水平。采用MTT法测定提取物对脾细胞增殖的影响。使用硝基蓝四氮唑法评估巨噬细胞功能，使用中性红法评估胞饮功能。所有溶剂提取物中均含有萜类、植物甾醇和碳水化合物，而仅在水/甲醇提取物和水提取物中检测到单宁、生物碱和黄酮类化合物。水提取物和水甲醇提取物中的总酚含量最高。提取物以剂量依赖性方式抑制癌细胞系的生长。正己烷提取物对大多数细胞系的作用最强。水/甲醇提取物显示出较高的凋亡诱导和血管生成抑制作用。经沙漠松露的水/甲醇、正己烷和乙酸乙酯提取物刺激淋巴细胞后，TH1细胞因子（IFN-γ、IL-2）水平升高，TH2细胞因子（IL-4）水平降低。沙漠松露的乙酸乙酯提取物是刺激淋巴细胞增殖最有效的提取物，而所有其他提取物的刺激作用中等。水/甲醇提取物是刺激吞噬作用最活跃的提取物。乙酸乙酯提取物是刺激胞饮作用最活跃的提取物。食用沙漠松露具有多种健康益处。正己烷、乙酸乙酯和水/甲醇提取物具有抗癌活性，并且是先天免疫和获得性免疫的有效刺激剂。需要进一步测试以鉴定生物活性化合物，并使用气相色谱-质谱联用分析法定量检测它们。
