Ceolin Gilciane, Breda Vitor, Koning Elena, Meyyappan Arun Chinna, Gomes Fabiano A, Moreira Júlia Dubois, Gerchman Fernando, Brietzke Elisa
Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, 752 King Street West, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3 Canada.
Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil.
Curr Treat Options Psychiatry. 2022;9(3):151-162. doi: 10.1007/s40501-022-00259-1. Epub 2022 Apr 23.
Despite recent advancements in the treatment of depression, the prevalence of affected individuals continues to grow. The development of new strategies has been required and emerging evidence has linked a possible antidepressant effect with dietary interventions. In this review, we discuss recent findings about the possible antidepressant effect of dietary interventions with an emphasis on the results of randomized controlled trials.
A high consumption of refined sugars and saturated fat and a low dietary content of fruits and vegetables has been associated with the development of depression. There is evidence supporting a small to moderate beneficial effect of a Mediterranean-type diet in depression. In addition, new dietary protocols are being studied for their use as possible interventions, such as the ketogenic diet, Nordic diet, and plant-based diet.
Lifestyle interventions surrounding diet and nutrition are a relatively affordable way to enhance response to treatment and to be employed as an adjunct in mental health care. Most studies, however, are limited by the difficulty in controlling for the placebo effect. Mediterranean-style diets seem to be the most promising as an adjunctive treatment for mood disorders. Larger randomized controlled trials that could assess predictors of response to dietary interventions are needed to establish a clear positive effect of diet and guide clinical care and nutritional recommendations concerning mental health care.
尽管近期抑郁症治疗取得了进展，但受影响个体的患病率仍在持续上升。需要开发新的策略，并且新出现的证据将可能的抗抑郁作用与饮食干预联系起来。在本综述中，我们讨论了关于饮食干预可能的抗抑郁作用的最新研究结果，重点是随机对照试验的结果。
高糖和饱和脂肪的大量摄入以及水果和蔬菜的低饮食含量与抑郁症的发生有关。有证据支持地中海式饮食对抑郁症有小到中等程度的有益作用。此外，正在研究新的饮食方案作为可能的干预措施，如生酮饮食、北欧饮食和植物性饮食。
围绕饮食和营养的生活方式干预是一种相对经济实惠的方法，可增强治疗反应并用作心理健康护理的辅助手段。然而，大多数研究受到难以控制安慰剂效应的限制。地中海式饮食似乎是作为情绪障碍辅助治疗最有前景的方法。需要更大规模的随机对照试验来评估饮食干预反应的预测因素，以确定饮食的明确积极作用，并指导有关心理健康护理的临床护理和营养建议。
