Yeh Kenneth B, Setser Bradly
MRIGlobal, Kansas City, MO, United States.
JRAD, Stafford, VA, United States.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022 Apr 12;10:863954. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.863954. eCollection 2022.
Respiratory infectious disease outbreaks such as those caused by coronaviruses and influenza, necessitate the use of specialized aerosol test chambers to study aspects of these causative agents including detection, efficacy of countermeasures, and aerosol survivability. The anthrax attacks from 2001 and earlier biowarfare and biodefense also influenced the study of biological aerosols to learn about how certain pathogens transmit either naturally or through artificial means. Some high containment biological laboratories, which work with Risk Group 3 and 4 agents in biosafety level -3, biosafety level-4 containment, are equipped with aerosol test chambers to enable the study of high-risk organisms in aerosolized form. Consequently, the biomedical, military and environmental sectors have specific applications when studying bioaerosols which may overlap while being different. There are countless aerosol test chambers worldwide and this number along with numerous high containment biological laboratories underscores the need for technical standards, regulatory and dual-use compliance. Here we survey common aerosol test chambers and their history, current use, and practice. Our findings reinforce the importance and need for continued collaboration among the multi-disciplinary fields studying aerobiology and biological aerosols.
呼吸道传染病爆发，如由冠状病毒和流感引起的那些，需要使用专门的气溶胶测试室来研究这些病原体的各个方面，包括检测、应对措施的效果和气溶胶存活能力。2001年的炭疽袭击以及早期的生物战和生物防御也影响了生物气溶胶的研究，以了解某些病原体是如何自然传播或通过人为手段传播的。一些在生物安全3级、生物安全4级隔离条件下处理风险组3和4病原体的高防护生物实验室，配备了气溶胶测试室，以便能够研究呈气溶胶形式的高风险生物体。因此，生物医学、军事和环境部门在研究生物气溶胶时具有特定的应用，这些应用可能会有重叠但又有所不同。全球有无数个气溶胶测试室，这个数量以及众多的高防护生物实验室凸显了技术标准、监管和两用合规性的必要性。在这里，我们调查了常见的气溶胶测试室及其历史、当前用途和实践。我们的研究结果强化了在研究空气生物学和生物气溶胶的多学科领域之间持续合作的重要性和必要性。
