一项神经肌肉训练对男女高中生运动员身体表现影响的对照试验。
A Controlled Trial of the Effects of Neuromuscular Training on Physical Performance in Male and Female High School Athletes.
机构信息
Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York.
Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York.
出版信息
Sports Health. 2023 May;15(3):386-396. doi: 10.1177/19417381221089917. Epub 2022 May 1.
BACKGROUND
Neuromuscular training (NMT) has demonstrated efficacy as an intervention to decrease the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries and improve sports performance. The effect of this training on the mechanisms that contribute to improved physical performance has not been well defined.
HYPOTHESIS
Athletes in the NMT group will have better mechanisms of fundamental movements and agility tests that may contribute to improved sports performance.
STUDY DESIGN
Prospective cohort study.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 2.
METHODS
Eight high school teams (111 athletes, 53% male, mean age 16 years) participated, with half performing NMT. Physical performance was measured using the dorsaVi ViPerform system, a US Food and Drug Administration-cleared wireless sensor system. Agility was assessed using a timed 3-cone test. Independent sample tests were used to compare differences between the intervention and control groups.
RESULTS
Matched pre- and postseason data were collected from 74 athletes after excluding athletes with injury and those lost to follow-up. Significant improvements were observed in the NMT group for loading/landing speed ratios during a single-leg hop test (right lower extremity = -0.19 [-0.37, 0.03], = 0.03 and left lower extremity = -0.27 [-0.50, -0.03], = 0.03). The control group had lower ground reaction forces compared with the NMT group ( < 0.02), while significant improvements were found in the NMT group for initial peak acceleration ( < 0.02) and cadence ( = 0.01) during a straight-line acceleration/deceleration test. For the 3-cone agility test, the postseason time decreased compared with preseason in the NMT group, whereas the time for the control group increased (-0.37 s vs 0.14 s, < 0.00).
CONCLUSION
The results demonstrate that NMT administered by sports medicine clinicians can significantly improve some physical performance of fundamental movements in high school athletes.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Coaches should be trained to effectively deliver NMT in order to improve sports performance.
背景
神经肌肉训练（NMT）已被证明是一种降低前交叉韧带损伤风险和提高运动表现的有效干预措施。这种训练对提高身体素质的机制的影响尚未得到很好的定义。
假设
接受 NMT 的运动员在基本动作和敏捷性测试方面的机制会更好，这可能有助于提高运动表现。
研究设计
前瞻性队列研究。
证据水平
2 级。
方法
8 支高中队伍（111 名运动员，53%为男性，平均年龄 16 岁）参与其中，其中一半进行 NMT。使用美国食品和药物管理局批准的无线传感器系统 dorsaVi ViPerform 系统测量身体表现。使用定时 3 锥测试评估敏捷性。使用独立样本 t 检验比较干预组和对照组之间的差异。
结果
排除受伤和失访的运动员后，从 74 名运动员中收集了匹配的前后测数据。在单腿跳跃测试中，NMT 组的负荷/着陆速度比（右侧下肢=-0.19[-0.37,0.03]， = 0.03，左侧下肢=-0.27[-0.50,-0.03]， = 0.03）显著提高。与 NMT 组相比，对照组的地面反作用力较低（ < 0.02），而 NMT 组在直线加速/减速测试中初始峰值加速度（ < 0.02）和步频（ = 0.01）显著提高。在 3 锥敏捷测试中，NMT 组的后测时间比前测时间减少，而对照组的时间增加（-0.37 秒对 0.14 秒， < 0.00）。
结论
结果表明，由运动医学临床医生实施的 NMT 可以显著提高高中运动员的一些基本动作的身体素质。
临床相关性
教练应该接受培训，以便有效地实施 NMT，从而提高运动表现。
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