Environmental Science & Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB), Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, Maharashtra, India; CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, Maharashtra, India.
Environmental Science & Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB), Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, Maharashtra, India.
Environ Res. 2022 Sep;212(Pt C):113363. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113363. Epub 2022 Apr 30.
The rapid generation of biomedical waste (BMW) due to covid-19 pandemic has created burden on the existing municipal solid waste management (MSWM) system in both developed and developing countries. The substantial influx of covid patients in Maharashtra, India has influenced the pattern of BMW generation, especially for the yellow category of BMW and incineration facilities. The objective of the study was to estimate the daily face mask consumption (D) and BMW generation from May 2020 to August 2021 in Maharashtra, India. The study was carried out based on the confirmed covid 19 cases, population forecast, urban population (%), BMW generation rate (kg/bed/day), and so on. The data set for the each paramters were collected from web-portals, published reports based on previous studies. These data sets were further regrouped, processed and analyised using mathematical equations. The study also revealed that Mumbai, Pune, and Thane districts, India has contributed ≥ 60% of the D and BMW generation. It was found that the D by non-covid patients was higher compared to the covid patients (D). Further, it was revealed that BMW generated in the months of July 2020 (152 tons/day), August 2020 (228 tons/day), September 2020 (364 tons/day), October 2020 (177 tons/day), March 2021 (405 tons/day), April 2021 (1,102 tons/day), May 2021 (705 tons/day), June 2021 (194 tons/day), and July 2021 (149 tons/day), exceeded the existing BMW treatment capcity of 132 tons/day. The sudden spike in covid-19 cases has influenced the pattern of D and BMW generation, espeicllay for the yellow category of BMW (BMW) and has increased the burden on BMW incineration facilities. The daily emission rates from BMW-incineration was in the order PM> NO> CO>SO, with maximum emission of PM (85.61 kg of pollutant/day). The F-test was performed using one-way ANOVA to understand the influence of covid cases on daily face mask consumption. It was found that F-satistic of D and BMW is more than the F-critical i.e., increase in covid cases had a significant effect on mass consumption rate and BMW generation.
由于新冠疫情的爆发，生物医学废物（BMW）的产生量迅速增加，这给发达国家和发展中国家现有的城市固体废物管理（MSWM）系统带来了负担。印度马哈拉施特拉邦新冠患者的大量涌入改变了 BMW 产生的模式，尤其是对黄色 BMW 类别和焚烧设施而言。本研究的目的是估算 2020 年 5 月至 2021 年 8 月期间印度马哈拉施特拉邦的每日口罩消耗量（D）和 BMW 产生量。该研究是基于确诊的新冠病例、人口预测、城市人口（%）、BMW 产生率（kg/床/天）等参数进行的。每个参数的数据集均从网络门户、基于先前研究的已发布报告中收集。这些数据集经过重新分组、处理和使用数学方程进行分析。研究还表明，印度孟买、浦那和塔纳区贡献了 D 和 BMW 产生量的≥60%。研究发现，非新冠患者的 D 高于新冠患者（D）。此外，研究还表明，2020 年 7 月（152 吨/天）、8 月（228 吨/天）、9 月（364 吨/天）、10 月（177 吨/天）、2021 年 3 月（405 吨/天）、4 月（1102 吨/天）、5 月（705 吨/天）、6 月（194 吨/天）和 7 月（149 吨/天）的 BMW 产生量超过了 132 吨/天的现有 BMW 处理能力。新冠病例的突然激增改变了 D 和 BMW 产生的模式，尤其是对黄色 BMW（BMW）类别而言，这增加了 BMW 焚烧设施的负担。从 BMW 焚烧中排放的每日污染物排放率顺序为 PM>NO>CO>SO，其中 PM 的最大排放量为 85.61 千克/天的污染物。使用单因素方差分析进行 F 检验，以了解新冠病例对每日口罩消耗量的影响。结果发现，D 和 BMW 的 F-统计量大于 F-临界值，即新冠病例的增加对质量消耗率和 BMW 产生有显著影响。
