Private Practice, Catania, Italy.
Department for Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig - Maximilian University Munich, Germany.
Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2022 May;30(2):215-224. doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2022.01.006.
A thorough understanding of 3-dimensional facial anatomy and its fascial concepts is essential to allow for further development of novel surgical and nonsurgical treatment strategies to increase patient safety and effectiveness. The layered anatomy and its interconnections of the forehead, scalp, and temple is complex and is thus summarized and aligned in a unified nomenclature in this review. The scalp consists of 5 layers, which transition into 8 layers in the forehead and into a total of 13 layers in the temple.
深入了解三维面部解剖结构及其筋膜概念对于进一步开发新型手术和非手术治疗策略至关重要，这可以提高患者的安全性和疗效。额部、头皮和颞部的分层解剖及其相互连接关系非常复杂，因此在本文综述中对其进行了总结和统一命名。头皮由 5 层组成，在额部过渡为 8 层，在颞部总共为 13 层。
