Şener Erhan, Şener Şehnaz, Varol Simge
Suleyman Demirel University, Remote Sensing Center, 32260, Isparta, Turkey.
Department of Geological Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
Environ Geochem Health. 2023 May;45(5):1499-1523. doi: 10.1007/s10653-022-01282-0. Epub 2022 Apr 30.
Groundwater in Karamık wetland and surroundings, which is one of the important wetlands in Turkey, was examined and the chemical properties and quality of groundwater were determined in the present study. In addition, the possible risks to human health as a result of groundwater usage were investigated along with spatial analyses carried out using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Physicochemical analyses were carried out on 25 samples taken from groundwater. The dominant ions in the study area are Ca, Mg, and HCO. When the results are compared with the limit values in the valid drinking water guidelines such as TSI-266 (Standards for drinking waters, 2005) and WHO (Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 2011), the groundwaters were not suitable for use as drinking water in terms of NO, Fe, Pb and As. The analysis results were evaluated together with GIS and Water Quality Index (WQI) methods. In the evaluations with the WQI method, 76% of the samples were in the "poor water" class. The groundwater in the study area is polluted by both geogenic and anthropogenic sources. For this reason, health risk assessment was performed due to the use of groundwater in the region by the local people in different areas, especially as drinking water, and the negative effects of water quality. Accordingly, there are non-carcinogenic negative effects on health in terms of NO, As, Pb and Fe parameters from the use of groundwater by children. In addition, Pb and As concentrations are at carcinogenic levels for both children and adults in all groundwater samples collected from the study area. Therefore, it is not recommended to use groundwater as drinking water without treatment.
卡拉米克湿地及其周边地区的地下水进行了检测，该地区是土耳其重要的湿地之一，本研究确定了地下水的化学性质和质量。此外，还调查了因使用地下水对人类健康可能产生的风险，并利用地理信息系统（GIS）进行了空间分析。对从地下水中采集的25个样本进行了物理化学分析。研究区域的主要离子是钙、镁和碳酸氢根。当将结果与有效饮用水指南如TSI - 266（《饮用水标准》，2005年）和世界卫生组织（《饮用水水质准则》，2011年）中的限值进行比较时，就硝酸盐、铁、铅和砷而言，这些地下水不适合用作饮用水。分析结果结合GIS和水质指数（WQI）方法进行了评估。在采用WQI方法的评估中，76%的样本属于“劣质水”类别。研究区域的地下水受到地质成因和人为来源的双重污染。因此，由于该地区不同区域的当地居民使用地下水，特别是作为饮用水，以及水质的负面影响，进行了健康风险评估。据此，儿童使用地下水在硝酸盐、砷、铅和铁参数方面对健康存在非致癌性负面影响。此外，从研究区域采集的所有地下水样本中，铅和砷的浓度对儿童和成人都处于致癌水平。因此，不建议未经处理就将地下水用作饮用水。
