School of Medicine, Yale University, 367 Cedar Street, Room 416, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2022 Jun;36(3):471-489. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.02.004. Epub 2022 Apr 30.
The evidence is consistent that certain dietary and lifestyle factors modulate the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) development and differential survival outcomes. Emerging prospective data in addition to earlier studies largely support the notion that specific dietary products or patterns and physical activity are associated with protection against CRC development and mortality. However, few randomized controlled trials evaluating causal relationships exist, and much of the current data remain limited to nonmetastatic CRC. More widespread integration of assessment of dietary and lifestyle factors on disease-related outcomes across clinical and interventional trials as well as behavioral intervention trials are needed for the development of more definitive care guidelines.
有充分的证据表明，某些饮食和生活方式因素可以调节结直肠癌（CRC）的发病风险和不同的生存结果。除了早期研究之外，新出现的前瞻性数据在很大程度上支持这样一种观点，即特定的饮食产品或模式以及体育活动与预防 CRC 的发生和死亡率有关。然而，评估因果关系的随机对照试验很少，目前的大部分数据仍然仅限于非转移性 CRC。需要在临床和干预试验以及行为干预试验中更广泛地纳入饮食和生活方式因素对疾病相关结果的评估，以制定更明确的护理指南。
