Núñez-Rivas H P, Holst-Schumacher I, Roselló-Araya M, Campos-Saborío N, Guzmán-Padilla S
Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud, Cartago, Costa Rica.
Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
Andes Pediatr. 2022 Feb;93(1):43-52. doi: 10.32641/andespediatr.v93i1.3645. Epub 2022 Mar 28.
to analyze the associations between breastfeeding duration and mixed feeding (breast milk and formula) with obesity, cardiometabolic risk (WHtR), body fat, and dietary and physical activity risk behaviors in children and adolescents.
cross-sectional study carried out with 1,467 students in Costa Rica. An interview was conducted with parents and children to gather information on socioeconomic status, education, dietary and physical activity risk behaviors of the youth, including breastfeeding duration and mixed feeding. Body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat were assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and cardiometabolic risk was mea sured with the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR ≥ 0.5) by trained personnel. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were applied.
the average age was 11.4 ± 2.6 years and 50.9% were male. 55.5% of the population was middle class; 60% were sedentary, and 16% presented obesity. Around 20% were breastfed without the introduction of formula before 6 months, 13% were never breastfed, and more than 60% were breastfed for ≥ 6 months. Those children who were fed only with breast milk or in combination with formula for ≥ 6 months presented a lower percentage of obesity than those who received formula feeding only (60.8 vs 39.2; p < 0.005). Children with cardiometa bolic risk (WHtR ≥ 0.50), unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, and who were fed only with formula are at higher risk of developing obesity (OR = 18.8, 95% CI 13.2-26.0).
these results are consistent with other studies and reinforce the evident protection of breastfeeding against the development of obesity.
分析母乳喂养持续时间及混合喂养（母乳与配方奶）与儿童及青少年肥胖、心脏代谢风险（腰高比）、体脂以及饮食和身体活动风险行为之间的关联。
对哥斯达黎加的1467名学生进行横断面研究。对家长和孩子进行访谈，以收集有关社会经济地位、教育程度、青少年饮食和身体活动风险行为的信息，包括母乳喂养持续时间和混合喂养情况。通过生物电阻抗分析评估体重指数、腰围和体脂，并由经过培训的人员用腰高比（腰高比≥0.5）测量心脏代谢风险。应用描述性统计和逻辑回归模型。
平均年龄为11.4±2.6岁，50.9%为男性。55.5%的人群为中产阶级；60%久坐不动，16%患有肥胖症。约20%的人在6个月前仅接受母乳喂养而未添加配方奶，13%的人从未接受过母乳喂养，超过60%的人母乳喂养≥6个月。那些仅用母乳或母乳与配方奶结合喂养≥6个月的儿童肥胖率低于仅接受配方奶喂养的儿童（60.8对39.2；p<0.005）。有心脏代谢风险（腰高比≥0.50）、不健康饮食、久坐生活方式且仅用配方奶喂养的儿童患肥胖症的风险更高（比值比=18.8，95%置信区间13.2-26.0）。
这些结果与其他研究一致，进一步证明母乳喂养对预防肥胖有明显的保护作用。
