School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh-175075, India.
School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh-175075, India.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2022 Jun 13;8(6):2281-2306. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01631. Epub 2022 May 5.
Designing novel systems for efficient cancer treatment and improving the quality of life for patients is a prime requirement in the healthcare sector. In this regard, theranostics have recently emerged as a unique platform, which combines the benefits of both diagnosis and therapeutics delivery. Theranostics have the desired contrast agent and the drugs combined in a single carrier, thus providing the opportunity for real-time imaging to monitor the therapy results. This helps in reducing the hazards related to treatment overdose or underdose and gives the possibility of personalized therapy. Polysaccharides, as natural biomolecules, have been widely explored to develop theranostics, as they act as a matrix for simultaneously loading both contrast agents and drugs for their utility in drug delivery and imaging. Additionally, their remarkable physicochemical attributes (biodegradability, satisfactory safety profile, abundance, and diversity in functionality and charge) can be tuned via postmodification, which offers numerous possibilities to develop theranostics with desired characteristics. Hence, we provide an overview of recent advances in polysaccharide matrix-based theranostics for drug delivery combined with magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, and ultrasound imaging. Herein, we also summarize the toxicity assessment of polysaccharides, associated contrast agents, and nanotoxicity along with the challenges and future research directions.
设计用于有效治疗癌症和提高患者生活质量的新型系统是医疗保健领域的主要要求。在这方面，治疗学最近作为一个独特的平台出现，它结合了诊断和治疗药物传递的优势。治疗学将所需的造影剂和药物结合在单个载体中，从而提供了实时成像的机会，以监测治疗效果。这有助于降低与治疗剂量过大或不足相关的危险，并提供个性化治疗的可能性。多糖作为天然生物分子，已被广泛探索用于开发治疗学，因为它们作为基质可以同时装载造影剂和药物，从而可用于药物输送和成像。此外，它们显著的物理化学特性（可生物降解性、令人满意的安全性、丰富性、功能和电荷的多样性）可以通过后修饰进行调整，这为开发具有所需特性的治疗学提供了众多可能性。因此，我们综述了基于多糖基质的治疗学在磁共振成像、计算机断层扫描、正电子发射断层扫描、单光子发射计算机断层扫描和超声成像方面用于药物输送的最新进展。在此，我们还总结了多糖、相关造影剂和纳米毒性的毒性评估，以及挑战和未来的研究方向。
