Di Santo Daniela, Gelfand Michele J, Baldner Conrad, Pierro Antonio
Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford, CA, United States.
Front Psychol. 2022 Apr 19;13:739579. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.739579. eCollection 2022.
People vary on their desire for strict norms, and the moral underpinnings of these differences have yet to be explored. The current research examined whether and how moral beliefs held by individuals would affect the extent to which they want their country to be tight (i.e., having strict social norms) or loose (i.e., having more permissive social norms). In particular, the effects of the "binding" and "individualizing" foundations, which are moral beliefs focused on the importance of groups and individuals, respectively, were examined. We hypothesized that the binding foundations could predict people's desire for cultural tightness. We also hypothesized that the perception that one's society is threatened may drive this effect. Three studies were conducted using both cross-sectional (Studies 1 and 3) and two-wave (Study 2) designs. Demographic variables and participants' political orientation effects were controlled. In Study 1, only the binding foundations significantly predicted higher desired tightness. In Study 2, binding foundations predicted desired tightness measured at follow-up. In Study 3, the positive effect of perceived threat on desired tightness the binding foundations was confirmed. From additional within-paper analyses we also have some evidence of significant relationships, albeit unstable across studies, between desired tightness and individualizing foundations.
人们对严格规范的渴望各不相同，而这些差异背后的道德基础尚待探索。当前的研究考察了个体持有的道德信念是否以及如何影响他们希望自己的国家是严谨的（即拥有严格的社会规范）还是宽松的（即拥有更宽容的社会规范）程度。具体而言，研究考察了“约束性”和“个体化”基础的影响，这两种道德信念分别侧重于群体和个体的重要性。我们假设约束性基础能够预测人们对文化严谨性的渴望。我们还假设，认为自己的社会受到威胁的认知可能会推动这种影响。研究采用了横断面研究（研究1和研究3）和两波研究（研究2）设计。控制了人口统计学变量和参与者的政治倾向影响。在研究1中，只有约束性基础显著预测了更高的期望严谨性。在研究2中，约束性基础预测了随访时测得的期望严谨性。在研究3中，证实了感知到的威胁对期望严谨性与约束性基础之间的积极影响。从论文中的其他分析中，我们也有一些证据表明，期望严谨性与个体化基础之间存在显著关系，尽管这些关系在不同研究中并不稳定。
