Menon Dhruv, Bhatia Dhiraj
Materials Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar 382355, India.
Biological Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar 382355, India.
J Mater Chem B. 2022 Sep 28;10(37):7194-7205. doi: 10.1039/d2tb00459c.
Owing to highly favourable properties such as enormous internal surface areas, high porosity and large flexibility, when it comes to the choice of precursors and high control over their structures and porosity, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for applications such as gas storage and separation, catalysis, wastewater filtration, The applications of MOFs, despite being so lucrative materials, are very limitedly explored in biomedical applications owing to several concerns such as their biocompatibility, rate of degradation and rate of accumulation in tissues and biological systems. Newer methods are being developed to make MOFs more biologically palatable by their surface functionalization using biomolecules such as nucleic acids, amino acids and lipids. Here we present the progress in biofunctionalization methods of MOFs for improving their physical and chemical properties for biomedical applications, with special focus on their formation covalent and non-covalent routes. Following this, we discuss in detail the applications of these biofunctionalized MOFs in areas of drug delivery, bio-sensing and bio-imaging. We conclude by presenting a brief outlook of the major challenges that lie ahead for mainstream usage of these materials for advanced biomedical applications.
由于具有诸如巨大的内表面积、高孔隙率和高柔韧性等非常有利的特性，在选择前驱体以及对其结构和孔隙率进行高度控制方面，金属有机框架（MOFs）已成为有前景的材料，可用于气体存储与分离、催化、废水过滤等应用。尽管MOFs是如此有利可图的材料，但由于诸如生物相容性、降解速率以及在组织和生物系统中的积累速率等诸多问题，其在生物医学应用中的探索非常有限。正在开发新的方法，通过使用核酸、氨基酸和脂质等生物分子对MOF进行表面功能化，使其在生物学上更易于接受。在此，我们介绍MOFs生物功能化方法在改善其用于生物医学应用的物理和化学性质方面的进展，特别关注其形成的共价和非共价途径。在此之后，我们详细讨论这些生物功能化MOFs在药物递送、生物传感和生物成像领域的应用。最后，我们简要展望了这些材料在先进生物医学应用中的主流使用所面临的主要挑战。
