Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, ITAB Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
Psychol Res. 2023 Mar;87(2):598-612. doi: 10.1007/s00426-022-01684-w. Epub 2022 May 7.
Memory for time is influenced by reconstructive processes, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study investigated whether the effect of schematic prior knowledge on temporal memory for movie scenes, produced by the incomplete presentation (cut) of the movie at encoding, is modulated by cut position, retention interval, and task repetition. In a timeline positioning task, participants were asked to indicate when short video clips extracted from a previously encoded movie occurred on a horizontal timeline that represented the video duration. In line with previous findings, removing the final part of the movie resulted in a systematic underestimation of clips' position as a function of their proximity to the missing part. Further experiments demonstrate that the direction of this automatic effect depends on which part of the movie is deleted from the encoding session, consistent with the inferential structure of the schema, and does not depend on consolidation nor reconsolidation processes, at least within the present experimental conditions. We propose that the observed bias depends on the automatic influence of reconstructive processes on judgments about the time of occurrence, based on prior schematic knowledge.
记忆时间受到重构过程的影响，但潜在机制尚不清楚。本研究探讨了在编码时通过电影的不完整呈现（剪辑）产生的电影场景的时间记忆中，图式先验知识的效果是否受到剪辑位置、保持间隔和任务重复的调节。在时间线定位任务中，参与者被要求在水平时间线上指示从之前编码的电影中提取的短视频剪辑的位置，该时间线代表视频持续时间。与之前的发现一致，从编码过程中删除电影的最后一部分会导致剪辑位置的系统低估，这与缺失部分的接近程度有关。进一步的实验表明，这种自动效应的方向取决于从编码会话中删除的电影的哪一部分，这与图式的推理结构一致，并且至少在当前的实验条件下，并不取决于巩固或再巩固过程。我们提出，观察到的偏差取决于基于先验图式知识的对发生时间的判断的自动重构过程的影响。
