College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology (ZJUT), Hangzhou 310014, China.
Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Sep 1;837:155720. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155720. Epub 2022 May 4.
Harmful microorganism (e.g., new coronavirus) based infection is the most important security concern in life sciences and healthcare. This article aims to provide a state-of-the-art review on the development of advanced technology based on nanomaterial disinfection/sterilization techniques (NDST) for the first time including the nanomaterial types, disinfection techniques, bactericidal devices, sterilization products, and application scenarios (i.e., water, air, medical healthcare), with particular brief account of bactericidal behaviors referring to varied systems. In this emerging research area spanning the years from 1998 to 2021, total of ~200 publications selected for the type of review paper and research articles were reviewed. Four typical functional materials (namely type of metal/metal oxides, S-based, C-based, and N-based) with their development progresses in disinfection/sterilization are summarized with a list of synthesis and design. Among them, the widely used silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered as the most effective bacterial agents in the type of nanomaterials at present and has been reported for inactivation of viruses, fungi, protozoa. Some methodologies against (1) disinfection by-products (DBPs) in traditional sterilization, (2) noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) agglomeration and release, (3) toxic metal leaching, (4) solar spectral response broadening, and (5) photogenerated e/h pairs recombination are reviewed and discussed in this field, namely (1) alternative techniques and nanomaterials, (2) supporter anchoring effect, (3) nonmetal functional nanomaterials, (4) element doping, and (5) heterojunction constructing. The feasible strategies in the perspective of NDST are proposed to involve (1) non-noble metal disinfectors, (2) multi-functional nanomaterials, (3) multi-component nanocomposite innovation, and (4) hybrid techniques for disinfection/sterilization system. It is promising to achieve 100% bactericidal efficiency for 10 CFU/mL within a short time of less than 30 min.
有害微生物（例如新型冠状病毒）感染是生命科学和医疗保健领域最重要的安全问题。本文首次综述了基于纳米材料消毒/灭菌技术（NDST）的先进技术的发展，包括纳米材料类型、消毒技术、杀菌装置、灭菌产品和应用场景（即水、空气、医疗保健），特别简要介绍了针对不同系统的杀菌行为。在这个跨越 1998 年至 2021 年的新兴研究领域中，共综述了约 200 篇综述论文和研究论文。总结了四种典型的功能材料（即金属/金属氧化物、S 基、C 基和 N 基）及其在消毒/灭菌方面的发展进展，并列出了它们的合成和设计。其中，广泛使用的银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）被认为是目前纳米材料中最有效的细菌剂，已被报道可灭活病毒、真菌和原生动物。针对（1）传统灭菌中消毒副产物（DBPs）、（2）贵金属纳米颗粒（NPs）聚集和释放、（3）有毒金属浸出、（4）太阳光谱响应拓宽和（5）光生电子/空穴对复合等问题的一些方法进行了综述和讨论，即（1）替代技术和纳米材料、（2）载体锚固效应、（3）非金属功能纳米材料、（4）元素掺杂和（5）异质结构建。从 NDST 的角度提出了可行的策略，包括（1）非贵金属消毒剂、（2）多功能纳米材料、（3）多组分纳米复合材料创新和（4）消毒/灭菌系统的混合技术。有望在不到 30 分钟的短时间内实现 10 CFU/mL 的 100%杀菌效率。
