Goa K L, Campoli-Richards D M
Drugs. 1987 Mar;33(3):242-58. doi: 10.2165/00003495-198733030-00002.
Pentamidine isethionate, an aromatic diamidine, is an antiprotozoal agent proven to decrease mortality from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in debilitated infants and immunodeficient adults and children. Like the combination antimicrobial agent co-trimoxazole, pentamidine has been shown in retrospective studies to resolve episodes of pneumonia in approximately 41 to 87% of patients, including those with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), when used alone or as sequential therapy. Although about 45% of all patients given pentamidine experience side effects--which may include nephrotoxicity, hypotension, hypoglycaemia or local reactions--in patients with AIDS the incidence of side effects is less with pentamidine than with co-trimoxazole. Thus, despite its profile of potentially severe side effects, pentamidine isethionate is a proven antimicrobial agent with a distinct place in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the growing population of AIDS patients.
乙磺半胱氨酸喷他脒是一种芳香族双脒，是一种抗原生动物药物，已被证明可降低体弱婴儿以及免疫功能低下的成人和儿童因卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎导致的死亡率。与联合抗菌药物复方新诺明一样，回顾性研究表明，喷他脒单独使用或作为序贯疗法时，可使约41%至87%的患者（包括获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）患者）的肺炎症状得到缓解。尽管约45%接受喷他脒治疗的患者会出现副作用，包括肾毒性、低血压、低血糖或局部反应，但在艾滋病患者中，喷他脒的副作用发生率低于复方新诺明。因此，尽管乙磺半胱氨酸喷他脒有潜在的严重副作用，但它是一种经过验证的抗菌药物，在不断增加的艾滋病患者群体中，它在治疗卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎方面有着独特的地位。
