Wang Bo, Li Zhuoshu, Mao Longfei, Zhao Mingyi, Yang Bingchang, Tao Xiaowu, Li Yuxiang, Yin Guangming
Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Kidney Dis (Basel). 2022 Jan 12;8(2):126-136. doi: 10.1159/000520981. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Hydrogen is a chemical substance that has yet to be widely used in medicine. However, recent evidence indicates that hydrogen has multi-faceted pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. An increased number of studies are being conducted on the application of hydrogen in various diseases, especially those affecting the renal system.
Hydrogen can be inhaled, as a gas or liquid, and can be administered orally, intravenously, or locally. Hydrogen can rapidly enter suborganelles such as mitochondria and nucleus by simple diffusion, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggering DNA damage. Hydrogen can selectively scavenge hydroxyl radical (•OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO), but not other reactive oxygen radicals with physiological functions, such as peroxyanion (O) and hydrogen peroxide (HO). Although the regulatory effect of hydrogen on the signal transduction pathway has been confirmed, the specific mechanism of its influence on signal molecules remains unknown. Although many studies have investigated the therapeutic and preventive effects of H in cellular and animal experiments, clinical trials are few and still far behind. As a result, more clinical trials are required to investigate the role of hydrogen in kidney disease, as well as the effect of its dose, timing, and form on the overall efficacy. Large-scale randomized controlled clinical trials will be required before hydrogen can be used to treat renal illnesses.
This article reviews the mechanisms of hydrogen in the treatment of renal disease and explores the possibilities of its use in clinical practice.
氢气是一种尚未在医学中广泛应用的化学物质。然而，最近的证据表明，氢气具有多方面的药理作用，如抗氧化、抗炎和抗凋亡特性。关于氢气在各种疾病，特别是影响肾脏系统的疾病中的应用，正在进行越来越多的研究。
氢气可以以气体或液体形式吸入，也可以口服、静脉注射或局部给药。氢气可以通过简单扩散迅速进入线粒体和细胞核等亚细胞器，产生活性氧（ROS）并引发DNA损伤。氢气可以选择性地清除羟基自由基（•OH）和过氧亚硝酸盐（ONOO），但不能清除具有生理功能的其他活性氧自由基，如过氧阴离子（O）和过氧化氢（HO）。虽然氢气对信号转导通路的调节作用已得到证实，但其对信号分子影响的具体机制仍不清楚。尽管许多研究在细胞和动物实验中研究了氢气的治疗和预防作用，但临床试验很少，仍远远落后。因此，需要更多的临床试验来研究氢气在肾脏疾病中的作用，以及其剂量、给药时间和形式对整体疗效的影响。在氢气可用于治疗肾脏疾病之前，需要进行大规模随机对照临床试验。
本文综述了氢气治疗肾脏疾病的机制，并探讨了其在临床实践中应用的可能性。
