Buehler Colby, Xiong Fulizi, Zamora Misti Levy, Skog Kate M, Kohrman-Glaser Joseph, Colton Stefan, McNamara Michael, Ryan Kevin, Redlich Carrie, Bartos Matthew, Wong Brandon, Kerkez Branko, Koehler Kirsten, Gentner Drew R
Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Yale University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
SEARCH (Solutions for Energy, Air, Climate and Health) Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
Atmos Meas Tech. 2021 Feb;14(2):995-1013. doi: 10.5194/amt-14-995-2021. Epub 2021 Feb 9.
The distribution and dynamics of atmospheric pollutants are spatiotemporally heterogeneous due to variability in emissions, transport, chemistry, and deposition. To understand these processes at high spatiotemporal resolution and their implications for air quality and personal exposure, we present custom, low-cost air quality monitors that measure concentrations of contaminants relevant to human health and climate, including gases (e.g., O, NO, NO, CO, CO, CH, and SO) and size-resolved (0.3-10 μm) particulate matter. The devices transmit sensor data and location via cellular communications and are capable of providing concentration data down to second-level temporal resolution. We produce two models: one designed for stationary (or mobile platform) operation and a wearable, portable model for directly measuring personal exposure in the breathing zone. To address persistent problems with sensor drift and environmental sensitivities (e.g., relative humidity and temperature), we present the first online calibration system designed specifically for low-cost air quality sensors to calibrate zero and span concentrations at hourly to weekly intervals. Monitors are tested and validated in a number of environments across multiple outdoor and indoor sites in New Haven, CT; Baltimore, MD; and New York City. The evaluated pollutants (O, NO, NO, CO, CO, and PM) performed well against reference instrumentation (e.g., = 0.66-0.98) in urban field evaluations with fast -folding response times (≤1 min), making them suitable for both large-scale network deployments and smaller-scale targeted experiments at a wide range of temporal resolutions. We also provide a discussion of best practices on monitor design, construction, systematic testing, and deployment.
由于排放、传输、化学作用和沉降的变化，大气污染物的分布和动态在时空上是异质的。为了在高时空分辨率下理解这些过程及其对空气质量和个人暴露的影响，我们展示了定制的低成本空气质量监测器，这些监测器可测量与人类健康和气候相关的污染物浓度，包括气体（如O、NO、NO、CO、CO、CH和SO）以及尺寸分辨（0.3 - 10μm）的颗粒物。这些设备通过蜂窝通信传输传感器数据和位置，并能够提供低至秒级时间分辨率的浓度数据。我们制造了两种型号：一种设计用于固定（或移动平台）操作，另一种是可穿戴的便携式型号，用于直接测量呼吸区内的个人暴露。为了解决传感器漂移和环境敏感性（如相对湿度和温度）方面的持续问题，我们展示了首个专门为低成本空气质量传感器设计的在线校准系统，可按小时至每周的间隔校准零点和量程浓度。监测器在康涅狄格州纽黑文、马里兰州巴尔的摩和纽约市的多个室外和室内场地的多种环境中进行了测试和验证。在城市现场评估中，所评估的污染物（O、NO、NO、CO、CO和PM）与参考仪器相比表现良好（例如， = 0.66 - 0.98），具有快速折叠响应时间（≤1分钟），这使得它们适用于广泛时间分辨率下的大规模网络部署和小规模针对性实验。我们还讨论了监测器设计、构造、系统测试和部署的最佳实践。
