de Seymour Jamie V, Beck Kathryn L, Conlon Cathryn A, Jones Mary Beatrix, Colombo John, Xia Yin-Yin, Han Ting-Li, Qi Hong-Bo, Zhang Hua, Baker Philip N
College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Front Nutr. 2022 Apr 22;9:775557. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.775557. eCollection 2022.
Studies assessing links between maternal diet and pregnancy outcomes have focused predominantly on individual nutrients or foods. However, nutrients are typically consumed in combinations of foods or beverages (i.e., dietary patterns). Taking into account the diet as a whole appreciates that nutrient absorption and metabolism are influenced by other nutrients and the food matrix.
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary pattern consumption in early pregnancy and pregnancy/infant outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational weight gain, preeclampsia, placental weight, gestational age at delivery, small-for-gestational-age, large-for-gestational-age, macrosomia, measures of infant body composition, and scores on two main indices of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development [Mental Development Index (MDI) and the Psychomotor Development Index (PDI)] at 12 months.
Our study included 1,437 participants from a mother-infant cohort in Chongqing, China. Maternal diet was assessed using a 96-item food frequency questionnaire at 11-14 weeks gestation. Dietary patterns were constructed using principal component analysis. Multivariate regressions were performed to assess associations between maternal dietary pattern scores and pregnancy and infant outcomes, adjusting for confounders.
Two dietary patterns were derived: a pattern high in pasta, sweetened beverages, and oils and condiments (PSO-based dietary pattern) and a pattern high in fish, poultry, and vegetables (FPV-based dietary pattern). Higher scores on the PSO-based dietary pattern were associated with lower infant standardized scores on the PDI of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, β (95% confidence interval) = -1.276 (-2.392, -0.160); lower placental weight, β (95% CI) = -6.413 (-12.352g, -0.473); and higher infant's tricep skinfold thickness at 6 weeks of age. β (95% CI) = 0.279 (0.033, 0.526). Higher scores on the FPV-based dietary pattern were associated with higher gestational weight gain between visit 1 (11-14 week's gestation) and 3 (32-34 week's gestation). β (95% CI) = 25.612 (13.255, 37.969). No significant associations were observed between dietary pattern scores and the remaining pregnancy/infant outcomes investigated or MDI scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. This was the first study to investigate the association between dietary patterns in early pregnancy and infant neurocognition in a Chinese cohort.
评估孕期母亲饮食与妊娠结局之间联系的研究主要集中在个别营养素或食物上。然而，营养素通常是在食物或饮料组合（即饮食模式）中摄入的。将饮食作为一个整体来考虑，认识到营养素的吸收和代谢会受到其他营养素和食物基质的影响。
本研究的目的是调查孕早期饮食模式的摄入与妊娠/婴儿结局之间的关系，包括妊娠期糖尿病、孕期体重增加、先兆子痫、胎盘重量、分娩时的孕周、小于胎龄儿、大于胎龄儿、巨大儿、婴儿身体成分指标，以及12个月时贝利婴儿发育量表的两个主要指数[心理发育指数（MDI）和心理运动发育指数（PDI）]得分。
我们的研究纳入了来自中国重庆一个母婴队列的1437名参与者。在妊娠11 - 14周时，使用96项食物频率问卷评估母亲的饮食。通过主成分分析构建饮食模式。进行多变量回归以评估母亲饮食模式得分与妊娠和婴儿结局之间的关联，并对混杂因素进行调整。
得出两种饮食模式：一种是以面食、甜味饮料以及油和调味品为主的模式（基于PSO的饮食模式），另一种是以鱼、禽肉和蔬菜为主的模式（基于FPV的饮食模式）。基于PSO的饮食模式得分较高与贝利婴儿发育量表PDI上较低的婴儿标准化得分相关，β（95%置信区间）=-1.276（-2.392，-0.160）；胎盘重量较低，β（95%CI）=-6.413（-12.352g,-0.473）；以及6周龄婴儿的肱三头肌皮褶厚度较高，β（95%CI）=0.279（0.033，0.526）。基于FPV的饮食模式得分较高与第1次访视（妊娠11 - 14周）至第3次访视（妊娠32 - 34周）期间较高的孕期体重增加相关，β（95%CI）=25.612（13.255，37.969）。在饮食模式得分与所调查的其余妊娠/婴儿结局或贝利婴儿发育量表的MDI得分之间未观察到显著关联。这是第一项在中国队列中研究孕早期饮食模式与婴儿神经认知之间关联的研究。
