State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
Nutrients. 2022 Feb 9;14(4):730. doi: 10.3390/nu14040730.
The health effects of diet are long term and persistent. Few cohort studies have investigated the influence of maternal dietary patterns during different gestational periods on offspring's health outcomes. This study investigated the associations between maternal dietary patterns in the mid- and late-gestation and infant's neurodevelopment at 1 year of age in the Jiangsu Birth Cohort (JBC) Study. A total of 1178 mother-child pairs were available for analysis. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to investigate dietary intake at 22-26 and 30-34 gestational weeks (GWs). Neurodevelopment of children aged 1 year old was assessed using Bayley-Ⅲ Screening Test. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Poisson regression were used to extract dietary patterns and to investigate the association between dietary patterns and infant neurodevelopment. After adjusting for potential confounders, the maternal 'Aquatic products, Fresh vegetables and Homonemeae' pattern in the second trimester was associated with a lower risk of being non-competent in cognitive and gross motor development, respectively (cognition: aRR = 0.84; 95% CI 0.74-0.94; gross motor: aRR = 0.80; 95% CI 0.71-0.91), and the similar pattern, 'Aquatic products and Homonemeae', in the third trimester also showed significant association with decreased risk of failing age-appreciate cognitive and receptive communication development (cognition: aRR = 0.89; 95% CI 0.80-0.98; receptive communication: aRR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.84-0.99). Notably, adherence to the dietary pattern with relatively high aquatic and homonemeae products in both trimesters demonstrated remarkable protective effects on child neurodevelopment with the risk of being non-competent in cognitive and gross motor development decreasing by 59% (95% CI 0.21-0.79) and 63% (95% CI 0.18-0.77), respectively. Our findings suggested that adherence to the 'Aquatic products and Homonemeae' dietary pattern during pregnancy may have optimal effects on offspring's neurodevelopment.
饮食对健康的影响是长期且持久的。很少有队列研究调查母亲在不同孕期的饮食模式对后代健康结果的影响。本研究旨在调查江苏省出生队列（JBC）研究中母亲在妊娠中期和晚期的饮食模式与婴儿 1 岁时神经发育的关系。共有 1178 对母婴对可用于分析。使用半定量食物频率问卷（FFQ）调查妊娠 22-26 周和 30-34 周（GW）时的饮食摄入情况。对 1 岁儿童的神经发育采用贝利-Ⅲ筛查测试进行评估。采用主成分分析（PCA）和泊松回归提取饮食模式，并探讨饮食模式与婴儿神经发育之间的关系。在调整潜在混杂因素后，母亲在妊娠中期的“水产品、新鲜蔬菜和同源物”模式与认知和粗大运动发育不达标风险分别呈负相关（认知：aRR=0.84；95%CI 0.74-0.94；粗大运动：aRR=0.80；95%CI 0.71-0.91），妊娠晚期的类似模式“水产品和同源物”也与认知和接受性语言发育不达标的风险降低显著相关（认知：aRR=0.89；95%CI 0.80-0.98；接受性语言：aRR=0.91；95%CI 0.84-0.99）。值得注意的是，在两个孕期中坚持富含水产和同源物的饮食模式对儿童神经发育有显著的保护作用，认知和粗大运动发育不达标的风险分别降低了 59%（95%CI 0.21-0.79）和 63%（95%CI 0.18-0.77）。本研究结果表明，妊娠期间坚持“水产品和同源物”饮食模式可能对后代的神经发育有最佳的影响。
