The anti-oxidative, anti-cell proliferative and anti-microbial efficacies of cold-adapted : HPTLC and GC/MS analyses.

The genus constitutes cold-adapted plant spp., of these some are traditionally used in folk medicine against inflammation or fungal infections without scientific validations. Here, we report the biological activities of total ethanol-extract (CF-EtOH) and its hexane (CF-Hex), ethyl acetate (CF-EtOA), butanol (CF-ButOH), and aqueous (CF-Aqua) fractions. Our DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging assays showed CF-EtOH, CF-ButOH and CF-Aqua with maximal, CF-EtOA with moderate, and CF-Hex with mild anti-oxidant activities. When tested on human cancer cell lines, high cytotoxicity was demonstrated by CF-EtOH (IC: 42.45 μg/ml) and CF-Aqua (IC: 46.37 μg/ml) on HepG2, followed by CF-Hex (IC: 63.24 μg/ml) and CF-ButOH (IC: 65.32 μg/ml) on MCF7 cells. The human primary cell line (HUVEC) had comparatively lower cytotoxicity for the tested samples. Moreover, when assessed for anti-microbial efficacy, CF-ButOH and CF-Aqua exhibited the strongest activity (MIC: 156.25 μg/ml) against , and . Further, while the developed RP-HPTLC identified the bioactive flavonoid luteolin-7--glucoside (17.58 mg/g), GS/MS analysis revealed sixteen compounds in extract. In conclusion, we for the first time show the promising anti-oxidative, anti-cell proliferative and anti-microbial efficacies of . This warrants further phytochemical and bio-efficacy studies towards isolations and identifications of active principles.