Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Nanaline Duke Building, 307 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Nov;131:134-145. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.04.021. Epub 2022 May 6.
Morphogenesis, the process by which tissues develop into functional shapes, requires coordinated mechanical forces. Most current literature ascribes contractile forces derived from actomyosin networks as the major driver of tissue morphogenesis. Recent works from diverse species have shown that pressure derived from fluids can generate deformations necessary for tissue morphogenesis. In this review, we discuss how hydrostatic pressure is generated at the cellular and tissue level and how the pressure can cause deformations. We highlight and review findings demonstrating the mechanical roles of pressures from fluid-filled lumens and viscous gel-like components of the extracellular matrix. We also emphasise the interactions and mechanochemical feedbacks between extracellular pressures and tissue behaviour in driving tissue remodelling. Lastly, we offer perspectives on the open questions in the field that will further our understanding to uncover new principles of tissue organisation during development.
形态发生是组织发育成功能形状的过程，需要协调的机械力。大多数现有文献将源自肌动球蛋白网络的收缩力归因于组织形态发生的主要驱动力。来自不同物种的最近研究表明，源自流体的压力可以产生组织形态发生所需的变形。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了细胞和组织水平上如何产生静水压力，以及压力如何导致变形。我们强调并回顾了证明充满液体的腔室和细胞外基质中粘性凝胶状成分的压力的机械作用的发现。我们还强调了细胞外压力与组织行为之间的相互作用和力化学反馈在驱动组织重塑中的作用。最后，我们对该领域的悬而未决的问题提出了看法，这将进一步加深我们的理解，揭示发育过程中组织组织的新原则。
