Separation Processes Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
Chair of Energy Systems Analysis, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
Environ Sci Technol. 2024 Jun 18;58(24):10567-10581. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10041. Epub 2024 Jun 3.
Direct air capture with CO storage (DACCS) is among the carbon dioxide removal (CDR) options, with the largest gap between current deployment and needed upscaling. Here, we present a geospatial analysis of the techno-economic performance of large-scale DACCS deployment in Europe using two performance indicators: CDR costs and potential. Different low-temperature heat DACCS configurations are considered, i.e., coupled to the national power grid, using waste heat and powered by curtailed electricity. Our findings reveal that the CDR potential and costs of DACCS systems are mainly driven by (i) the availability of energy sources, (ii) the location-specific climate conditions, (iii) the price and GHG intensity of electricity, and (iv) the CO transport distance to the nearest CO storage location. The results further highlight the following key findings: (i) the limited availability of waste heat, with only Sweden potentially compensating nearly 10% of national emissions through CDR, and (ii) the need for considering transport and storage of CO in a comprehensive techno-economic assessment of DACCS. Finally, our geospatial analysis reveals substantial differences between regions due to location-specific conditions, i.e., useful information elements and consistent insights that will contribute to assessment and feasibility studies toward effective DACCS implementation.
直接空气捕集与 CO2 封存（DACCS）是二氧化碳去除（CDR）选项之一，目前的部署与所需的规模化之间存在最大差距。在这里，我们使用两种性能指标：CDR 成本和潜力，对欧洲大规模 DACCS 部署的技术经济性能进行了地理空间分析。考虑了不同的低温热 DACCS 配置，即与国家电网耦合、利用余热和由削减的电力供电。我们的研究结果表明，DACCS 系统的 CDR 潜力和成本主要取决于以下因素：（i）能源的可用性；（ii）特定地点的气候条件；（iii）电力的价格和温室气体强度；（iv）CO2 向最近的 CO2 储存地点的输送距离。结果进一步强调了以下关键发现：（i）废热的可用性有限，只有瑞典可能通过 CDR 来补偿近 10%的国家排放量；（ii）在 DACCS 的全面技术经济评估中需要考虑 CO2 的输送和储存。最后，我们的地理空间分析揭示了由于特定地点的条件而导致的地区之间存在很大差异，即有用的信息元素和一致的见解，这将有助于评估和可行性研究，以实现有效的 DACCS 实施。
