Cattle Breeding Div., Animal Breeding and Production Dept., Warsaw Univ. of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
J Food Sci. 2018 Jan;83(1):229-236. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.13988. Epub 2017 Nov 27.
The main goal of crossbreeding Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows with bulls of other dairy or combined breeds is to improve their performance traits. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to compare the dairy performance traits of first generation crossbreds produced by crossbreeding Polish HF cows with bulls of other breeds (Norman, Norwegian Red, Danish Red, Brown Swiss, Montbeliarde, and Simmental). This was done by analyzing the fatty acid profile and technological quality of the milk from these first generation crossbreds. The investigation showed that crossbreeding greatly influenced the performance parameters and technological quality of the milk of the first generation crossbreds obtained from crossbreeding Polish HF cows with bulls of other dairy or combined breeds. The crossbreed cows characterized by the highest both quantity and quality of milk. Also, the best parameters of milk fat dispersion (that is, the highest values of these parameters) that are useful in the production of hard ripening cheeses and butter were found in the milk of crossbreed cows. Health beneficially, saturated fatty acids level in milk of crossbreeds was by 25.96% lower in crossbreds milk when compared to purebred cows. The most beneficial content of whey proteins was found in the milk of Polish HF and Norwegian Red crosses, where it was 19.04% higher than in pure breed Holsteins. F1 cows tend to express better functional traits than Holstein (PHF) cows. Effect of heterosis was larger and gave better results when there was a greater genetic distance between the animals used for crossbreeding.
The effects of heterosis are opposite to the effects of inbreeding depression, and it extends the lifespan and use of animals as well as improves their fertility and health. The main goal of crossbreeding Holstein-Friesian cows with bulls of other dairy or combined breeds is to improve their performance traits. F1 cows tend to express better functional traits than Holstein (PHF) cows. Effect of heterosis was larger and gave better results when there was a greater genetic distance between the animals used for crossbreeding.
杂交荷斯坦-弗里森奶牛与其他奶牛或混合品种公牛的主要目标是改善其性能特征。因此，本研究旨在比较通过杂交波兰荷斯坦奶牛与其他品种（诺曼、挪威红牛、丹麦红牛、棕色瑞士、蒙贝利亚尔和西门塔尔）公牛生产的第一代杂交奶牛的产奶性能特征。这是通过分析这些第一代杂交奶牛的牛奶脂肪酸组成和技术质量来完成的。研究表明，杂交极大地影响了从波兰荷斯坦奶牛与其他奶牛或混合品种公牛杂交生产的第一代杂交奶牛的生产性能参数和牛奶的技术质量。杂交奶牛的牛奶产量和质量都最高。此外，在生产硬质陈酿奶酪和黄油方面，牛奶脂肪分散的最佳参数（即这些参数的最高值）也在杂交奶牛的牛奶中发现。从健康角度来看，与纯种奶牛相比，杂交奶牛牛奶中的饱和脂肪酸水平低 25.96%。在波兰荷斯坦和挪威红牛杂交奶牛的牛奶中发现了最有益的乳清蛋白含量，比纯种荷斯坦高 19.04%。F1 奶牛比荷斯坦（PHF）奶牛更倾向于表现出更好的功能特征。杂种优势的影响与近交衰退的影响相反，它延长了动物的寿命和使用期限，提高了它们的繁殖力和健康水平。杂交荷斯坦-弗里森奶牛与其他奶牛或混合品种公牛的主要目标是改善其性能特征。F1 奶牛比荷斯坦（PHF）奶牛更倾向于表现出更好的功能特征。杂种优势的影响与近交衰退的影响相反，它延长了动物的寿命和使用期限，提高了它们的繁殖力和健康水平。杂交荷斯坦-弗里森奶牛与其他奶牛或混合品种公牛的主要目标是改善其性能特征。F1 奶牛比荷斯坦（PHF）奶牛更倾向于表现出更好的功能特征。杂种优势的影响与近交衰退的影响相反，它延长了动物的寿命和使用期限，提高了它们的繁殖力和健康水平。
