School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632014, India.
Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Jul;49(7):7025-7037. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-07517-8. Epub 2022 May 10.
Cancer widely affects the world's health population and ranks second leading cause of death globally. Because of poor prognosis of various types of cancer such as sarcoma, lymphoma, adenomas etc., their high recurrence and metastasis rate and low early diagnosis rate have become concern lately. Role of autophagy in cancer progression is being studied since long. Autophagy is cell's self-degradative mechanism towards stress and has role in degradation of the cytoplasmic macromolecules which has potential to damage other cytosolic molecules. Autophagy can promote as well as inhibit tumorigenesis depending upon the associated protein combinations in cancer cells. Recent studies have shown that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) do not code for protein but play essential role in modulation of gene expression. At transcriptional level, different ncRNAs like lncRNAs, miRNAs and circRNAs directly or indirectly affect different stages of autophagy like autophagy-dependent and non-apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. This review focuses on the involvement of ncRNAs in autophagy and the modulation of several cancer signal transduction pathways in cancers such as lung, breast, prostate, pancreatic, thyroid, and kidney cancer.
癌症广泛影响全球的健康人群，是全球第二大致死原因。由于肉瘤、淋巴瘤、腺瘤等各种癌症的预后较差，其复发和转移率高、早期诊断率低，因此最近受到关注。自噬在癌症进展中的作用已经研究了很长时间。自噬是细胞对压力的自我降解机制，在降解可能损伤其他胞质分子的细胞质大分子方面发挥作用。自噬可以促进也可以抑制肿瘤发生，这取决于癌细胞中相关的蛋白质组合。最近的研究表明，非编码 RNA（ncRNA）不编码蛋白质，但在调节基因表达方面发挥着重要作用。在转录水平上，不同的 ncRNA，如长链非编码 RNA、微小 RNA 和环状 RNA，直接或间接地影响癌细胞自噬的不同阶段，如自噬依赖性和非凋亡性细胞死亡。本综述重点介绍了 ncRNA 在自噬中的作用，以及 ncRNA 对肺癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、胰腺癌、甲状腺癌和肾癌等癌症中几种癌症信号转导途径的调节。
