PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciencies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071, Toledo, Spain.
Exercise and Health in Special Population Spanish Research Net (EXERNET), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
BMC Geriatr. 2022 May 9;22(1):407. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03042-2.
Increased physical activity (PA) is a very important factor in a healthy aging lifestyle. Psychosocial factors have also a main role in the initiation and maintenance of this behavior, but nowadays its implications for frailty elderly people are unknown, therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the psychosociological variables of behavior change that influence the practice of (PA) in frail and prefrail elderly.
A total of 103 frail and pre-frail elderly people (72 females) participated in this cross-sectional study, on the framework of the EXERNET-Elder3.0 project. Age ranged from 68-94 years (mean = 80.4 ± 5.9 years). Individualized face-to-face interviews according to the constructs of the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) [(decisional balance (DB) and self-efficacy (SE)], social support (SS) (family and friends) and outcome expectations (OE) were administered to all participants.
Significant differences were found in DB, perceived benefits (PBn), SE, family-related SS and OE as a function of stages of change (SoC) (p < 0.005), but no significant were found in perceived barriers (PBrr) (p = 0.259) and friends-related SS (p = 0.068). According to the Scheffé post-hoc test, those in advanced SoC (Action-Maintenance), scored higher than those in lower SoC (Precontemplation-Contemplation and Preparation).
The scores obtained from the study variables differed according to the SoC, supporting the external validity for the use of the TTM in frailty elderly. Further research is needed to determine the impact of PBrr and friends-related SS on this people, as well as to identify the validity of this model in the long-term in this population.
增加身体活动（PA）是健康老龄化生活方式的一个非常重要的因素。社会心理因素在这种行为的开始和维持中也起着主要作用，但目前其对虚弱老年人的影响尚不清楚，因此，本研究的目的是确定影响虚弱和衰弱前期老年人进行（PA）的行为改变的社会心理变量。
本横断面研究共纳入 103 名虚弱和衰弱前期老年人（72 名女性），该研究是 EXERNET-Elder3.0 项目的一部分。年龄范围为 68-94 岁（平均 80.4±5.9 岁）。根据变化的跨理论模型（TTM）的结构，对所有参与者进行个体化的面对面访谈，包括决策平衡（DB）和自我效能（SE）、社会支持（SS）（家庭和朋友）和结果期望（OE）。
在 DB、感知益处（PBn）、SE、家庭相关 SS 和 OE 方面，根据变化阶段（SoC）发现有显著差异（p<0.005），但在感知障碍（PBrr）（p=0.259）和朋友相关 SS 方面没有发现显著差异（p=0.068）。根据 Scheffé事后检验，处于高级 SoC（行动-维持）的参与者得分高于处于较低 SoC（前沉思-沉思和准备）的参与者。
根据 SoC，研究变量的得分不同，支持 TTM 在虚弱老年人中的外部有效性。需要进一步研究确定 PBrr 和朋友相关 SS 对这一人群的影响，以及确定该模型在该人群中的长期有效性。
