Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 27695, Raleigh, USA.
J Sci Food Agric. 2022 Nov;102(14):6358-6372. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.12002. Epub 2022 Jun 2.
Fusarium poae is one of the most common Fusarium head blight (FHB) causal agents in wheat. This species can biosynthesize a wide range of mycotoxins, in particular nivalenol (NIV). In FHB epidemiology, infection timing is important for disease occurrence, kernel development, symptom appearance and mycotoxin accumulation in grain. The present study explored, both in a controlled environment and in a 2-year field plot experiment in Central Italy, the influence of five infection timings (from beginning of flowering to medium milk growth stage) on F. poae colonization and mycotoxin accumulation in bread wheat spikes (spring cv. A416 and winter cv. Ambrogio).
Both climate chamber and field experiments showed that early infection timings (from beginning of flowering to full flowering) especially favoured F. poae colonization and accumulation of its mycotoxins (particularly NIV) in grain. By contrast, later infection timings (watery ripe and medium milk) reduced F. poae development and mycotoxin levels. The time window of host susceptibility in the field was shorter than that observed under controlled conditions. Symptom expression in kernels also differed among infection timings. In general, F. poae biomass was higher in the chaff than in the grain.
These results enhance knowledge of a common member of the FHB complex worldwide, and could be useful in forecasting the risk of F. poae infection and mycotoxin contamination. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
禾谷镰刀菌是小麦中最常见的赤霉病（FHB）病原体之一。该物种可以生物合成广泛的真菌毒素，特别是雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（NIV）。在 FHB 流行病学中，感染时间对于疾病发生、籽粒发育、症状出现和真菌毒素在谷物中的积累非常重要。本研究在受控环境和意大利中部的两年田间试验中，探讨了五种感染时间（从开花开始到中乳熟期）对禾谷镰刀菌在春小麦（A416 品种）和冬小麦（Ambrogio 品种）穗上的定殖和真菌毒素积累的影响。
无论是在气候室还是田间试验中，早期感染时间（从开花开始到完全开花）都特别有利于禾谷镰刀菌的定殖和真菌毒素（特别是 NIV）在谷物中的积累。相比之下，较晚的感染时间（水样成熟和中乳熟期）会降低禾谷镰刀菌的生长和真菌毒素水平。田间宿主易感性的时间窗口比在受控条件下观察到的要短。不同感染时间对籽粒症状表达也不同。通常，禾谷镰刀菌生物量在壳中高于在籽粒中。
这些结果增强了对全球 FHB 复合体中一种常见成员的认识，对于预测禾谷镰刀菌感染和真菌毒素污染的风险可能有用。© 2022 作者。John Wiley & Sons Ltd 代表化学工业协会出版的《食品科学杂志》。
