van Woerden Irene, Bruening Meg
Department of Community and Public Health, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA.
College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Appetite. 2022 Aug 1;175:106042. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106042. Epub 2022 May 10.
Understanding how social context is associated with behaviors can indicate circumstances when behaviors are more likely to occur. In this study 29,995 ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys from 805 participants were analyzed to determine the social context of when eating, drinking, physical activity behaviors, and none of those behaviors (not eating, drinking, or being physically active, "none") occurred. Within-person results indicated that participants had lower odds of reporting eating (OR = 0.81) and drinking (OR = 0.79), and higher odds of reporting physical activity behaviors (OR = 1.20) and "none" (OR = 1.11) when they were alone, compared to when they were with friends. Within-person results also indicated that when participants were off-campus they were more physically active (OR = 1.73) and had lower odds of being reported "none"(OR = 0.78) than when they were on campus. Surprisingly, within-person results also suggested participants reported less physical activity on the weekend (OR = 0.78) than during weekdays, and instead had higher odds of reporting "none" (OR = 1.11). Between-person results suggested participants who were alone had higher odds of reporting "none"(OR = 1.64). When stratified by demographics the findings were similar. These findings show that student behaviors are different when they are alone vs. not, and that social context matters when understanding student behaviors. Interventions aimed to improve dietary intake and promote physical activity may be more effective if a social context aspect is included in their design.
了解社会环境如何与行为相关联，可以指明行为更有可能发生的情况。在本研究中，分析了来自805名参与者的29995份生态瞬时评估（EMA）调查，以确定进食、饮水、身体活动行为以及未发生这些行为（不进食、不饮水或不进行身体活动，即“无”）时的社会环境。个体内部结果表明，与和朋友在一起时相比，参与者独自时报告进食（优势比[OR]=0.81）和饮水（OR=0.79）的几率较低，而报告身体活动行为（OR=1.20）和“无”（OR=1.11）的几率较高。个体内部结果还表明，与在校内时相比，参与者在校外时身体活动更频繁（OR=1.73），报告“无”的几率较低（OR=0.78）。令人惊讶的是，个体内部结果还表明，参与者在周末报告的身体活动比工作日少（OR=0.78），相反，报告“无”的几率更高（OR=1.11）。个体间结果表明，独自的参与者报告“无”的几率更高（OR=1.64）。按人口统计学分层时，结果相似。这些发现表明，学生独自与非独自时的行为不同，并且在理解学生行为时社会环境很重要。如果在设计中纳入社会环境因素，旨在改善饮食摄入和促进身体活动的干预措施可能会更有效。
