Shahadat Mohammad, Isamil Suzylawati
School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang 14300 Malaysia
Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, IIT Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi-110016 India.
RSC Adv. 2018 Jul 10;8(43):24571-24587. doi: 10.1039/c8ra04290j. eCollection 2018 Jul 2.
The present review covers the regeneration capacity and adsorption efficiency of different adsorbents for the treatment of industrial dyes to control water pollution. Various techniques and materials have been employed to remove organic pollutants from water; however, adsorption techniques using cost-effective, ecofriendly, clay-supported adsorbents are widely used owing to their simplicity and good efficiency. Among all the natural adsorbents, activated carbon has been found to be the most effective for dye adsorption; however, its use is restricted due to its high regeneration cost. Clays and modified clay-based adsorbents are the most efficient clarifying agents for organic pollutants as compared to activated carbon, organic/inorganic, and composite materials. Regeneration is an important aspect to stimulate the adsorption efficiency of the exhausted/spent adsorbent for water treatment. A number of techniques, including chemical treatment, supercritical extraction, thermal, and photocatalytic and biological degradation, have been developed to regenerate spent or dye-adsorbed clays. This review discusses how these techniques enhance the adsorption and retention potential of spent low-cost adsorbents and reflects on the future perspectives for their use in wastewater treatment.
本综述涵盖了不同吸附剂用于处理工业染料以控制水污染的再生能力和吸附效率。人们采用了各种技术和材料来去除水中的有机污染物；然而，使用具有成本效益、生态友好的粘土负载型吸附剂的吸附技术因其操作简单且效率高而被广泛应用。在所有天然吸附剂中，活性炭已被发现对染料吸附最为有效；然而，由于其再生成本高，其应用受到限制。与活性炭、有机/无机材料和复合材料相比，粘土及改性粘土基吸附剂是去除有机污染物最有效的澄清剂。再生是提高用于水处理的耗尽/用过的吸附剂吸附效率的一个重要方面。人们已经开发了许多技术，包括化学处理、超临界萃取、热、光催化和生物降解，来再生用过的或吸附了染料的粘土。本综述讨论了这些技术如何提高用过的低成本吸附剂的吸附和保留潜力，并对其在废水处理中的应用前景进行了思考。
