King Chloe, Adhuri Dedi S, Clifton Julian
University of Lincoln, United Kingdom.
National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia.
Mar Policy. 2022 Jul;141:105093. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105093. Epub 2022 May 6.
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced coastal communities around the world to re-evaluate their approaches to marine conservation and marine protected area (MPA) management. Initial studies have called for the need for improved social-ecological resilience of MPAs to improve the adaptive capacity of communities and ecosystems to respond to future crises. However, as posed by Armitage and Johnson (2006), it is critical that MPA managers ask the question "for what and for whom are we trying to promote resilience?" in designing more resilient MPAs for a post-pandemic world. Based on a systematic literature review of marine reserve impacts and supported by fieldwork conducted in the Wakatobi National Park in Indonesia over the course of the COVID-19 crisis, this study examines what opportunities for transformations in MPA management and governance have emerged, and how MPAs can focus on incorporating principles of equitable resilience as they build back from the pandemic. The findings demonstrate how equitable resilience can be undermined when the voices and interests of local communities are sidelined in favour of powerful interest groups such as tourism or NGOs. Ultimately, the paper concludes that planning for resilience in MPAs must synchronize with local realities to better realize the potential for system transformation and a reimagining of MPA capacity to better serve local communities.
新冠疫情迫使世界各地的沿海社区重新评估其海洋保护和海洋保护区（MPA）管理方法。初步研究呼吁提高海洋保护区的社会生态恢复力，以增强社区和生态系统应对未来危机的适应能力。然而，正如阿米蒂奇和约翰逊（2006年）所指出的，在为后疫情时代设计更具恢复力的海洋保护区时，海洋保护区管理者提出“我们试图为了什么以及为了谁来提升恢复力？”这个问题至关重要。基于对海洋保护区影响的系统文献综述，并在新冠疫情危机期间于印度尼西亚瓦卡托比国家公园开展的实地调查的支持下，本研究探讨了海洋保护区管理和治理变革出现了哪些机遇，以及海洋保护区在从疫情中恢复的过程中如何注重纳入公平恢复力原则。研究结果表明，当地方社区的声音和利益为了诸如旅游业或非政府组织等强大利益集团而被边缘化时，公平恢复力可能会受到损害。最终，本文得出结论，海洋保护区的恢复力规划必须与当地实际情况同步，以更好地实现系统变革的潜力，并重新构想海洋保护区更好地服务当地社区的能力。
