Public Works Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Sep;29(45):68532-68546. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20527-0. Epub 2022 May 11.
A promising hierarchical nanocomposite of MIL-53(Al)/ZnO was synthesized as a visible-light-driven photocatalyst to investigate the degradation of amoxicillin (AMX). MIL-53(Al)/ZnO ultrafine nanoparticles were obtained by preparing Zn-free MIL-53Al and employing it as a reactive template under hydrothermal and chemical conditions. The synthesized nanocomposite (MIL-53(Al)/ZnO) has a low content of Al > 1.5% with significantly different characterizations of the parent compounds elucidated by various analyses such as SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX, and UV-Vis. The effect of operational parameters (catalyst dose (0.2-1.0 g/L), solution pH (3-11), and initial AMX concentration (10-90 mg/L)) on the AMX removal efficiency was studied and optimized by the response surface methodology. A reasonable goodness-of-fit between the expected and experimental values was confirmed with correlation coefficient (R) equal to 0.96. Under the optimal values, i.e., initial AMX concentration = 10 mg/L, solution pH ~ 4.5, and catalyst dose = 1.0 g/L, 100% AMX removal was achieved after reaction time = 60 min. The degradation mechanism and oxidation pathway were vigorously examined. The AMX degradation ratios slightly decreased after five consecutive cycles (from 78.19 to 62.05%), revealing the high reusability of MIL-53(Al)/ZnO. The AMX removal ratio was improved with enhancers in order ([Formula: see text]> HO > SO). The results proved that 94.12 and 98.23% reduction of COD were obtained after 60 and 75 min, respectively. The amortization and operating costs were estimated at 3.3 $/m for a large-scale photocatalytic system.
一种有前景的 MIL-53(Al)/ZnO 分级纳米复合材料被合成作为可见光驱动的光催化剂，以研究阿莫西林 (AMX) 的降解。通过制备无锌的 MIL-53Al 并在水热和化学条件下将其用作反应模板，得到 MIL-53(Al)/ZnO 超细纳米粒子。所合成的纳米复合材料 (MIL-53(Al)/ZnO) 的 Al 含量低于 1.5%，与母体化合物的特征明显不同，这通过 SEM、TEM、XRD、EDX 和 UV-Vis 等各种分析得到了阐明。通过响应面法研究并优化了操作参数（催化剂剂量 (0.2-1.0 g/L)、溶液 pH (3-11) 和初始 AMX 浓度 (10-90 mg/L)）对 AMX 去除效率的影响。用相关系数 (R) 等于 0.96 确认了预期值和实验值之间的良好拟合度。在最佳值下，即初始 AMX 浓度=10 mg/L、溶液 pH≈4.5 和催化剂剂量=1.0 g/L，反应时间=60 min 后可实现 100% AMX 去除。强烈检查了降解机制和氧化途径。五次连续循环后，AMX 的降解率略有下降（从 78.19%降至 62.05%），表明 MIL-53(Al)/ZnO 的高可重复使用性。随着增强剂的添加，AMX 的去除率提高了 ([Formula: see text]> HO > SO)。结果表明，分别在 60 和 75 min 后，COD 的去除率分别达到 94.12%和 98.23%。对于大规模光催化系统，摊销和运营成本估计为 3.3 美元/立方米。
