Santin Fernanda, Gabe Kamila Tiemann, Levy Renata Bertazzi, Jaime Patricia Constante
Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2022 May 6;38Suppl 1(Suppl 1):e00118821. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00118821. eCollection 2022.
This study objective was to describe the distribution of food consumption markers in Brazil per sociodemographic characteristics and its evolution from 2013 to 2019. Healthy food consumption markers (regular consumption of beans, fruits, vegetables, and fish, recommended consumption of red meat, and never replacing meals with snacks) and unhealthy food consumption markers (regular consumption of sweetened beverages and confectionery and excessive salt intake) were studied for adult participants of the Brazilian National Health Survey. The prevalence of food consumption markers was estimated according to sociodemographic characteristics and compared to data of 2013 and 2019. Most of the population regularly consumes beans, fruits, and vegetables, they also follows the recommendation to limit red meat consumption, and never replaces meals with snacks. The percentage of people who regularly consume sweetened beverages and perceive their salt intake as excessive is relatively low. The distribution of food consumption markers was associated with sex, age, income, race/skin color, area of dwelling, and schooling level. From 2013 to 2019, the prevalence of most food consumption markers declined, except for the regular consumption of fruits and recommended consumption of red meat, that increased 8.5% and 18.5%, respectively, and the regular consumption of vegetables, which did not vary. Healthy and unhealthy food consumption markers should be monitored to evaluate the effect of healthy eating policies implemented in the country.
本研究的目的是按社会人口学特征描述巴西食物消费指标的分布情况及其在2013年至2019年期间的演变。对巴西国家卫生调查的成年参与者研究了健康食物消费指标（经常食用豆类、水果、蔬菜和鱼类，建议食用红肉，且从不以零食替代正餐）和不健康食物消费指标（经常饮用含糖饮料和食用糖果，以及过量摄入盐分）。根据社会人口学特征估计食物消费指标的患病率，并与2013年和2019年的数据进行比较。大多数人口经常食用豆类、水果和蔬菜，他们也遵循限制红肉消费的建议，且从不以零食替代正餐。经常饮用含糖饮料且认为自己盐分摄入过量的人群比例相对较低。食物消费指标的分布与性别、年龄、收入、种族/肤色、居住地区和受教育程度有关。从2013年到2019年，大多数食物消费指标的患病率下降，但水果的经常消费量和红肉的建议消费量分别增加了8.5%和18.5%，蔬菜的经常消费量则没有变化。应监测健康和不健康食物消费指标，以评估该国实施的健康饮食政策的效果。
