Graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil.
Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Aug 7;21(8):1038. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21081038.
Hybrid methods are a suitable option for extracting dietary patterns associated with health outcomes. This study aimed to identify the dietary patterns of Brazilian adults (20-59 years old; = 28,153) related to dietary components associated with the risk of obesity. Data from the 2017-2018 Brazilian National Dietary Survey were analyzed. Food consumption was obtained through 24 h recall. Dietary patterns were extracted using partial least squares regression, using energy density (ED), percentage of total fat (%TF), and fiber density (FD) as response variables. In addition, 32 food groups were established as predictor variables in the model. The first dietary pattern, named as energy-dense and low-fiber (ED-LF), included with the positive factor loadings solid fats, breads, added-sugar beverages, fast foods, sauces, pasta, and cheeses, and negative factor loadings rice, beans, vegetables, water, and fruits (≥|0.15|). Higher adherence to the ED-LF dietary pattern was observed for individuals >40 years old from urban areas, in the highest income level, who were not on a diet, reported away-from-home food consumption, and having ≥1 snack/day. The dietary pattern characterized by a low intake of fruits, vegetables, and staple foods and a high intake of fast foods and sugar-sweetened beverages may contribute to the obesity scenario in Brazil.
混合方法是提取与健康结果相关的饮食模式的合适选择。本研究旨在确定与肥胖风险相关的饮食成分有关的巴西成年人（20-59 岁；n=28153）的饮食模式。对 2017-2018 年巴西国家饮食调查的数据进行了分析。通过 24 小时回顾法获得食物消耗数据。使用偏最小二乘回归法提取饮食模式，以能量密度（ED）、总脂肪百分比（%TF）和纤维密度（FD）作为反应变量。此外，在模型中还建立了 32 个食物组作为预测变量。第一个饮食模式命名为高能量低纤维（ED-LF），包括固体脂肪、面包、添加糖饮料、快餐、酱汁、意大利面和奶酪的正因子负荷，以及大米、豆类、蔬菜、水和水果的负因子负荷（≥|0.15|）。在年龄大于 40 岁、来自城市地区、收入水平最高、不节食、报告外出就餐、每天食用≥1 份零食的个体中，观察到对 ED-LF 饮食模式的更高依从性。该饮食模式的特点是水果、蔬菜和主食摄入量低，快餐和含糖饮料摄入量高，可能导致巴西肥胖情况的出现。
