Guo J Y, Liu H T, Liao Y, Luo H C, Zhou H L
Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China.
Guangzhou Emergency Management Bureau, Guangzhou 510060, China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2022 Apr 20;40(4):292-295. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20210125-00045.
To analyze the incidence characteristics of occupational diseases in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2020, provide scientific basis for formulating occupational disease prevention and control policies. In January 2021, based on the data of occupational diseases in Guangzhou reported in the Information Monitoring System of Occupational Diseases and Occupational Health, descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the types and characteristics of occupational diseases in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2020. A total of 1341 cases of 38 kinds of occupational diseases in 9 categories were reported in the past 11 years. The incidence of occupational pneumoconiosis, occupational otolaryngology and oral diseases and occupational chemical poisoning ranked the top three, accounting for 38.1% (511/1341) , 30.5% (409/1341) and 16.2% (217/1341) of the total cases respectively. The cases of pneumoconiosis in welders and silicosis accounted for 47.7% (244/511) and 34.4% (176/511) of the cases of occupational pneumoconiosis respectively. The cases of noise deafness accounted for 99.8% (408/409) of occupational otorhinolaryngology oral diseases. Acute occupational chemical poisoning cases accounted for 26.7% (58/217) of the occupational chemical poisoning cases, in which dichloroethane poisoning cases ranked the first, accounting for 79.3% (46/58) . Chronic occupational chemical poisoning cases accounted for 73.3% (159/217) of the occupational poisoning cases, in which benzene and lead poisoning cases ranked the top two, accounting for 79.2% (126/159) and 17.6% (28/159) respectively. Pneumoconiosis, silicosis, noise deafness, benzene poisoning, lead poisoning, dichloroethane poisoning should be supervised and managed as key occupational diseases in Guangzhou.
分析2010年至2020年广州市职业病发病特征，为制定职业病防治政策提供科学依据。2021年1月，基于职业病与职业健康信息监测系统中广州市职业病报告数据，采用描述性流行病学方法分析2010年至2020年广州市职业病的类型及特征。过去11年共报告9类38种职业病1341例。职业性尘肺病、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病和职业性化学中毒的发病率位列前三，分别占总病例数的38.1%（511/1341）、30.5%（409/1341）和16.2%（217/1341）。电焊工尘肺和矽肺病例分别占职业性尘肺病病例的47.7%（244/511）和34.4%（176/511）。噪声聋病例占职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病的99.8%（408/409）。急性职业性化学中毒病例占职业性化学中毒病例的26.7%（58/217），其中二氯乙烷中毒病例居首，占79.3%（46/58）。慢性职业性化学中毒病例占职业中毒病例的73.3%（159/217），其中苯中毒和铅中毒病例位列前两位，分别占79.2%（126/159）和17.6%（28/159）。尘肺病、矽肺、噪声聋、苯中毒、铅中毒、二氯乙烷中毒应作为广州市重点职业病进行监督管理。
