Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110003, India.
Hormones (Athens). 2022 Jun;21(2):209-219. doi: 10.1007/s42000-022-00373-y. Epub 2022 May 11.
Prolactin, a pituitary hormone that was discovered about 80 years ago and is primarily known for its functions in mammary gland development and lactation, is now known to participate in numerous functions across different phylogenetic groups. Fundamentally known for its secretion from lactotroph cells in adenohypophysis region of pituitary gland, newer studies have demonstrated a number of extrapituitary sites which secrete prolactin, where it acts in an autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine manner to regulate essential physiological and biochemical processes. These sites include lymphocytes, epithelial cells of lactating mammary glands, breast cancer cells of epithelial origin, and the placenta. The placenta is one of the most important organs secreting prolactin; however, its role in placental biology has not to date been reviewed comprehensively. This review elaborates upon the various facets of prolactin hormone, including prolactin production and its post-translational modifications and signaling. Major emphasis is placed on placental prolactin and its potential roles, ranging from the role of prolactin in angiogenesis, preeclampsia, maternal diabetes, and anti-apoptosis, among others.
催乳素，一种 80 年前发现的垂体激素，主要因其在乳腺发育和泌乳中的功能而闻名，现在已知它参与了不同进化群体的众多功能。催乳素主要从垂体腺的腺垂体细胞中分泌，新的研究表明有许多垂体外部位也会分泌催乳素，它以自分泌、旁分泌和内分泌的方式发挥作用，调节重要的生理和生化过程。这些部位包括淋巴细胞、泌乳期乳腺的上皮细胞、上皮来源的乳腺癌细胞和胎盘。胎盘是分泌催乳素最重要的器官之一；然而，其在胎盘生物学中的作用迄今尚未得到全面综述。这篇综述详细阐述了催乳素激素的各个方面，包括催乳素的产生及其翻译后的修饰和信号转导。主要重点放在胎盘催乳素及其潜在作用上，包括催乳素在血管生成、子痫前期、母体糖尿病和抗细胞凋亡等方面的作用。
