Carta Alessandra, Vainieri Isabella, Rommel Anna-Sophie, Zuddas Alessandro, Kuntsi Jonna, Sotgiu Stefano, Adamo Nicoletta
Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Apr 25;13:803001. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.803001. eCollection 2022.
To investigate whether temperament dimensions, Effortful Control (EC), Surgency-Extraversion (SE), and Negative Affectivity (NA), are associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and how they relate to awakening cortisol levels, as a proxy measure of peripheral arousal.
Parent-rated temperament and saliva samples were collected from 55 children with ADHD and 65 age-matched controls.
Compared to controls, youths with ADHD showed lower EC, higher NA, and lower awakening cortisol levels but did not differ in SE. Similar findings emerged in dimensional analyses linking temperament traits to inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms. The results remained unchanged when controlling for the presence of co-occurring opposition-defiance and anxiety traits, as well as medication status. Temperament dimensions were not associated with cortisol levels.
Poor temperamental emotional and cognitive self-regulation showed significant associations with ADHD but did not appear to be linked to the under-arousal typically seen in ADHD.
探讨气质维度，即努力控制（EC）、外向性-外倾性（SE）和消极情绪性（NA），是否与注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）相关，以及它们与觉醒时皮质醇水平的关系，后者作为外周唤醒的替代指标。
收集了55名患有ADHD的儿童和65名年龄匹配的对照儿童的家长评定气质和唾液样本。
与对照组相比，患有ADHD的青少年表现出较低的EC、较高的NA和较低的觉醒皮质醇水平，但在SE方面没有差异。在将气质特征与注意力不集中和多动-冲动症状联系起来的维度分析中也出现了类似的结果。在控制了同时出现的对立违抗和焦虑特质以及用药情况后，结果保持不变。气质维度与皮质醇水平无关。
气质性情绪和认知自我调节能力差与ADHD有显著关联，但似乎与ADHD中常见的唤醒不足无关。
