Li Xinxin, Wang Dan, Liu Anqi, Hu Weijiang, Sun Xin
National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
WHO Collaboration Center on Occupational Health, Beijing, China.
China CDC Wkly. 2022 Apr 29;4(17):370-373. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2022.086.
Occupational cancers are a major threat to workers' health in China. The latest version of the Classification and Catalogue of the Occupational Diseases includes 11 occupational cancers. This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of occupational cancers in China reported to the National Occupational Disease Reporting System during 2006-2020.
Occupational cancers reported during 2016-2020 were obtained from the National Occupational Disease Reporting System. Epidemiological characteristics were analyzed by year, region, industry, gender, age at diagnosis, and exposure duration to occupational hazards.
Overall, a total of 1,116 cases of occupational cancers were reported between 2006 and 2020. The main types reported were leukemia caused by benzene exposure (511, 45.79%), lung cancer caused by coke oven exhaust exposure (266, 23.84%), and lung cancer and mesothelioma caused by asbestos exposure (226, 20.25%). There were 6 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) that had reported over 50 new cases in the last 15 years. Most cases (913, 81.18%) were distributed in the manufacturing industry. There were 870 (77.96%) male cases and 246 (22.04%) female cases. The average age at diagnosis of all reported cases was 51.91±15.85 years, and the median exposure duration to occupational hazards was 12 (5.29-23.25) years.
There is a large discrepancy between the high morbidity of occupational cancers and a low number of cases diagnosed and reported cases. Occupational cancers in China may be underestimated, and comprehensive measures should be taken to improve the diagnosis and reporting of occupational cancers.
职业性癌症对中国工人的健康构成重大威胁。最新版《职业病分类和目录》包含11种职业性癌症。本研究分析了2006年至2020年期间上报至国家职业病报告系统的中国职业性癌症的流行病学特征。
从国家职业病报告系统获取2016年至2020年期间报告的职业性癌症病例。按年份、地区、行业、性别、诊断时年龄以及职业危害接触时长分析流行病学特征。
总体而言，2006年至2020年期间共报告了1116例职业性癌症病例。报告的主要类型为苯接触所致白血病（511例，45.79%）、焦炉逸散物接触所致肺癌（266例，23.84%）以及石棉接触所致肺癌和间皮瘤（226例，20.25%）。有6个省级行政区在过去15年中报告了50例以上新病例。大多数病例（913例，81.18%）分布在制造业。男性病例有870例（77.96%），女性病例有246例（22.04%）。所有报告病例的平均诊断年龄为51.91±15.85岁，职业危害的中位接触时长为12（5.29 - 23.25）年。
职业性癌症的高发病率与诊断病例数和报告病例数较少之间存在较大差异。中国的职业性癌症可能被低估，应采取综合措施改善职业性癌症的诊断和报告情况。
