Zhou Shanyu, Huang Yongshun, Chen Lin, Wen Xianzhong, Wang Shu, Huang Lang, Li Xudong
Laboratory of Key Technology Research, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China.
General Office, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, 68 Haikang Street Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510300, China, 86 20-89022988.
JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2024 Nov 29;10:e57851. doi: 10.2196/57851.
Occupational noise-induced deafness (ONID) has replaced occupational poisoning as the second most common occupational disease in China since 2015. However, there is a limited number of articles on epidemiological characteristics of legally diagnosed ONID.
We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological and spatiotemporal characteristics of ONID in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2022, with the aim of providing a scientific foundation for policy formulation and health resource allocation.
Surveillance data of ONID cases in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2022 were obtained from the "Occupational Diseases and Health Hazard Factors Monitoring Information System." Joinpoint regression analysis was applied to assess the long-term trends in cases of ONID from 2006 to 2022. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed to measure the overall degree of similarity of the attribute values of spatially adjacent or neighboring regional units. The local indicators of spatial autocorrelation (LISA) plots were then used to identify the local clusters of ONID in Guangdong.
There were 3761 ONID cases in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2022, showing a significantly increased trend in cases across the entire study period (average annual percentage change 21.9, 95% CI 18.7-35.1). The Moran's I values for the period of 2006 to 2022 ranged from 0.202 to 0.649 (all P<.001), indicating a positive spatial correlation of ONID across regions each year in Guangdong Province. A total of 15 high-high clusters were notably concentrated in specific counties within the Pearl River Delta.
Significant spatiotemporal patterns of ONID in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2022 were identified, characterized by a dramatic increase followed by stabilization in case numbers. ONID predominantly occur in manufacturing industries, domestically funded enterprises, among males, individuals aged 40-49 years, and those with 5+ years of occupational noise exposure. Spatial analysis demonstrated significant clustering in the Pearl River Delta region, with consistent positive spatial autocorrelation across years. These results could help prioritize the allocation of resources for targeted prevention and control measures for ONID.
自2015年以来，职业性噪声聋已取代职业中毒，成为中国第二大常见职业病。然而，关于法定诊断的职业性噪声聋流行病学特征的文章数量有限。
对2006年至2022年广东省职业性噪声聋的流行病学和时空特征进行综合分析，为政策制定和卫生资源分配提供科学依据。
从“职业病与健康危害因素监测信息系统”获取2006年至2022年广东省职业性噪声聋病例的监测数据。采用Joinpoint回归分析评估2006年至2022年职业性噪声聋病例的长期趋势。进行全局空间自相关分析，以测量空间相邻或邻近区域单元属性值的总体相似程度。然后使用局部空间自相关（LISA）图来识别广东省职业性噪声聋的局部聚集情况。
2006年至2022年广东省共有3761例职业性噪声聋病例，在整个研究期间病例呈显著上升趋势（平均年变化率21.9，95%可信区间18.7-35.1）。2006年至2022年的莫兰指数值在0.202至0.649之间（均P<0.001），表明广东省每年各地区职业性噪声聋存在正空间相关性。共有15个高高聚集区显著集中在珠江三角洲的特定县内。
确定了2006年至2022年广东省职业性噪声聋显著的时空模式，其特征是病例数先急剧增加后趋于稳定。职业性噪声聋主要发生在制造业、内资企业、男性、40-49岁人群以及职业噪声暴露5年以上的人群中。空间分析表明珠江三角洲地区存在显著聚集，多年来空间自相关呈一致的正值。这些结果有助于为职业性噪声聋的针对性预防和控制措施确定资源分配的优先次序。
