Abid Zabihulah, Castro Delgado Rafael, Cernuda Martinez José Antonio, Arcos González Pedro
Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster, Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2022 May 5;15:901-908. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S352567. eCollection 2022.
The COVID-19 pandemic, declared by the World Health Organization as a public health international emergency concern in March 2020, has caused serious impacts on individuals, families, communities, and societies across the globe. The COVID-19 pandemic not only disrupted the health systems and the economy, but also significantly impacted routine immunization programs.
To study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the routine immunization coverage program in the province of Laghman, Afghanistan.
A comparative cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted to understand the impact of COVID-19 on routine childhood immunization during the study period. Secondary data was used from the Ministry of Health from April to July 2020 and compared with the historical data of the same period in 2019. Student -test was used to test the association between the mean changes in the daily immunization coverage. A -value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant with 95% confidence interval.
There was a 21.4% significant (<0.01) decline in the total immunization coverage during April-July 2020 compared to April-July 2019. This reduction was diverse across all districts and all vaccine antigens. The most affected district was Alingar, and the most affected vaccines were measles and OPV4, with 28% declines, followed by PCV3 at 26%, and DPT3, IPV, OPV3, PCV2 and rotavirus at 23%. The outreach vaccination coverage declined by 56.1% compared to the fixed, at 13.4%.
The COVID-19 pandemic seriously affected the routine immunization in Afghanistan. On average, 325 children per day missed out on a lifesaving vaccine in Laghman province which put them at risk of getting preventable diseases. To provide access to routine immunization during pandemics, the study suggests a set of customized interventions to strengthen and sustain routine immunization.
2020年3月，世界卫生组织宣布新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件，对全球个人、家庭、社区和社会造成了严重影响。新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情不仅扰乱了卫生系统和经济，还对常规免疫规划产生了重大影响。
研究新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情封锁对阿富汗拉格曼省常规免疫接种覆盖计划的影响。
进行了一项比较横断面定量研究，以了解新型冠状病毒肺炎在研究期间对儿童常规免疫的影响。使用了2020年4月至7月卫生部的二级数据，并与2019年同期的历史数据进行比较。采用学生t检验来检验每日免疫接种覆盖率平均变化之间的关联。P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义，置信区间为95%。
与2019年4月至7月相比，2020年4月至7月总免疫接种覆盖率显著下降了21.4%（P<0.01）。这种下降在所有地区和所有疫苗抗原中都有所不同。受影响最严重的地区是阿林加尔，受影响最严重的疫苗是麻疹疫苗和口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗4价，下降了28%，其次是肺炎球菌结合疫苗3价，下降了26%，白喉、百日咳、破伤风三联疫苗、脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗、口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗3价、肺炎球菌结合疫苗2价和轮状病毒疫苗下降了23%。与定点接种相比，外展接种覆盖率下降了56.1%，为13.4%。
新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情严重影响了阿富汗的常规免疫。在拉格曼省，平均每天有325名儿童错过救命疫苗，这使他们面临感染可预防疾病的风险。为了在疫情期间提供常规免疫接种服务，该研究建议采取一系列定制化干预措施，以加强和维持常规免疫。
