Guo Jiaxin, Lu Xiaoyu, Tao Yifan, Guo Huijuan, Min Wei
Department of Resources and Environmental Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Apr 25;13:871387. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.871387. eCollection 2022.
Soil salinization and alkalization severely inhibit agriculture. However, the response mechanisms of cotton to salt stress or alkali stress are unclear. Ionomics and metabolomics were used to investigate salt and alkali stresses in cotton roots and leaves. Compared with the control, salt-treated and alkali-treated cotton plants showed 51.8 and 53.0% decreases in biomass, respectively. Under salt stress, the concentration of N decreased in roots but increased in leaves, and the concentrations of P and K increased in roots but decreased in leaves. Salt stress inhibited Ca, B, N, and Fe uptake and Mg, K, P, S, and Cu transport, but promoted Mo, Mn, Zn, Mg, K, P, S, and Cu uptake and Mo, Mn, Zn, B, N, and Fe transport. Under alkali stress, the concentrations of N and P in roots and leaves decreased, while the concentrations of K in roots and leaves increased. Alkali stress inhibited P, Ca, S, N, Fe, and Zn uptake and N, P, Mg and B transport, but promoted K, Mn, Cu, Mo, Mg, and B uptake and K, Mn, Cu, Mo, Fe, and Zn transport. Under salt stress in the leaves, 93 metabolites increased, mainly organic acids, amino acids, and sugars, increased in abundance, while 6 decreased. In the roots, 72 metabolites increased, mainly amino acids, organic acids, and sugars, while 18 decreased. Under alkali stress, in the leaves, 96 metabolites increased, including organic acids, amino acids, and sugars, 83 metabolites decreased, including organic acids, amino acids, and sugars; In the roots, 108 metabolites increased, including organic acids, amino acids, and sugars. 83 metabolites decreased, including organic acids and amino acids. Under salt stress, cotton adapts to osmotic stress through the accumulation of organic acids, amino acids and sugars, while under alkali stress, osmoregulation was achieved inorganic ion accumulation. Under salt stress, significant metabolic pathways in the leaves and roots were associated with amino acid and organic acid metabolism, sugar metabolism was mainly used as a source of energy, while under alkali stress, the pathways in the leaves were related to amino acid and linoleic acid metabolism, β-Oxidation, TCA cycle, and glycolysis were enhanced to provide the energy needed for life activities. Enhancing organic acid accumulation and metabolism in the roots is the key response mechanism of cotton to alkalinity.
土壤盐碱化严重抑制农业生产。然而，棉花对盐胁迫或碱胁迫的响应机制尚不清楚。采用离子组学和代谢组学方法研究棉花根和叶中的盐胁迫和碱胁迫。与对照相比，盐处理和碱处理的棉花植株生物量分别下降了51.8%和53.0%。在盐胁迫下，根中氮浓度降低，叶中氮浓度升高，根中磷和钾浓度升高，叶中磷和钾浓度降低。盐胁迫抑制钙、硼、氮和铁的吸收以及镁、钾、磷、硫和铜的运输，但促进钼、锰、锌、镁、钾、磷、硫和铜的吸收以及钼、锰、锌、硼、氮和铁的运输。在碱胁迫下，根和叶中氮和磷的浓度降低，而根和叶中钾的浓度升高。碱胁迫抑制磷、钙、硫、氮、铁和锌的吸收以及氮、磷、镁和硼的运输，但促进钾、锰、铜、钼、镁和硼的吸收以及钾、锰、铜、钼、铁和锌的运输。在盐胁迫下，叶中93种代谢物增加，主要是有机酸、氨基酸和糖类，丰度增加，而6种代谢物减少。在根中，72种代谢物增加，主要是氨基酸、有机酸和糖类，而18种代谢物减少。在碱胁迫下，叶中96种代谢物增加，包括有机酸、氨基酸和糖类，83种代谢物减少，包括有机酸、氨基酸和糖类；在根中，108种代谢物增加，包括有机酸、氨基酸和糖类。83种代谢物减少，包括有机酸和氨基酸。在盐胁迫下，棉花通过积累有机酸、氨基酸和糖类来适应渗透胁迫，而在碱胁迫下，通过无机离子积累实现渗透调节。在盐胁迫下，叶和根中的显著代谢途径与氨基酸和有机酸代谢有关，糖代谢主要用作能量来源，而在碱胁迫下，叶中的途径与氨基酸和亚油酸代谢有关，β-氧化、三羧酸循环和糖酵解增强以提供生命活动所需的能量。增强根中有机酸的积累和代谢是棉花对碱胁迫的关键响应机制。
