Ghanizadeh Hossein, James Trevor K
School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Apr 25;13:885779. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.885779. eCollection 2022.
Medik. was initially introduced into New Zealand in the 1940s. Despite its introduction approximately 70 years ago, infestation in New Zealand has been naturalized to one region only, although climate-based simulation models predicted that establishment could almost occur in all New Zealand agricultural lands. One possible reason for this discrepancy is that the likelihood of establishment of may vary across various localities as the climate in New Zealand is complex and varies from warm subtropical in the far north to cool temperate climates in the far south. The objective of this research was to assess and compare the likelihood of establishment across various localities in New Zealand. For this, experiments were laid out across different regions in New Zealand to assess vegetative and reproductive characteristics in naturalized and casual populations of . The results showed that the growth and development of both populations varied across different regions, possibly due to variable climatic and geographical conditions such as local temperatures and daily solar radiation. It appears that is, however, able to grow in many regions in New Zealand, but this species is unlikely to establish and become problematic in the lower half of South Island, where the temperature is lower than optimal temperatures required by this species. A casual population was found to grow better at the early stage of growth compared to a naturalized one. However, both populations reproduced similar amounts of seed in all regions. Overall, the variable vegetative and reproductive responses recorded for in different locations may suggest that the invasion dynamic of this weed species is unlikely to be similar across different climatic niches in New Zealand.
Medik.最初于20世纪40年代被引入新西兰。尽管大约在70年前就已引入，但在新西兰它仅在一个地区归化，尽管基于气候的模拟模型预测它几乎可能在新西兰所有农业用地中定殖。这种差异的一个可能原因是，由于新西兰的气候复杂，从最北部的温暖亚热带气候到最南部的凉爽温带气候各不相同，所以Medik.在不同地区定殖的可能性可能会有所不同。本研究的目的是评估和比较Medik.在新西兰不同地区定殖的可能性。为此，在新西兰的不同地区开展了实验，以评估Medik.归化种群和偶然种群的营养和繁殖特征。结果表明，两个种群的生长和发育在不同地区有所不同，这可能是由于当地温度和每日太阳辐射等气候和地理条件的差异所致。然而，Medik.似乎能够在新西兰的许多地区生长，但在南岛下半部，该物种不太可能定殖并成为问题，因为那里的温度低于该物种所需的最佳温度。与归化种群相比，偶然种群在生长早期生长得更好。然而，两个种群在所有地区产生的种子数量相似。总体而言，在不同地点记录到的Medik.营养和繁殖反应的差异可能表明，这种杂草物种在新西兰不同气候生态位的入侵动态不太可能相似。
